The Newton polygon of a planar singular curve and its subdivision (Q889520)

Let \(\mathcal{A}\) be a non-empty finite subset of \(\mathbb{Z}^2\) and let \(\mathbb{K}\) be any valuation field; consider a planar algebraic curve \(C\) with equation \[ F (x, y) =\sum_{(i,j)\in{\mathcal A}} a_{ij}x^iy^j=0,\quad a_{ij}\in\mathbb{K}^{\ast} \] The author investigates how to extract geometric properties of \(C\) from the knowledge of the valuations of the coefficients \(a_{ij}\). To this aim he considers some combinatorial objects attached to \(C\), namely: {\parindent=0.7cm \begin{itemize}\item[--] the convex hull of \({\mathcal A}\) in \(\mathbb{R}^2\), i.e. the Newton polygon \(\Delta({\mathcal A})\), with the subdivision induced by the projection along \(\mathbb{R}\) of all the faces of the convex hull in \(\mathbb{R}^2\times \mathbb{R}\) of the set \(\{((i,j),s)| (i,j)\in\mathcal{A},s\leq \mathrm{val} (a_{ij})\}\) \item[--] the non-Archimedean amoeba \(\mathrm{Val}(C) = \{(\mathrm{val}(x), \mathrm{val}(y)) | (x, y) \in C\}\) \item[--] the set of non-smooth points of the function \(\max_{(i,j)\in\mathcal{A}}(iX +jY +\mathrm{val}(a_{ij}))\), i.e. the tropical curve \(\mathrm{Trop}(C)\). \end{itemize}} If the curve \(C\) has one \(m\)-fold point, then it is known that the coefficients of \(F\) are subject to a certain set of \({{m(m+1)}\over{2}}\) linear constraints: the author shows how these constraints influence the properties of the subdivision of \(\Delta(\mathcal{A})\), involving \(\mathrm{Val}(C)\) and \(\mathrm{Trop}(C)\). He also summarizes what it is known about \(m\)-fold tropical points and discusses three different definitions of them.