Slow-fast \(n\)-dimensional piecewise linear differential systems (Q890218)

The paper deals with the \(n\)-dimensional singularly perturbed differential slow-fast system \[ \begin{aligned}&\dot {\mathbf u}=\frac{d{\mathbf u}}{dt}=\varepsilon(A{\mathbf u}+{\mathbf a}v+{\mathbf b}),\\ &\dot v=\frac{dv}{dt}=u_1+|v|,\end{aligned} \] where \({\mathbf u}\in\mathbb{R}^{n-1}\) is the slow variable (\(n\geq 2\)), \(v\in\mathbb{R}\) is the fast variable, \(0<\varepsilon\ll 1\) is a small parameter representing the ratio of time scales, \(A=(a_{ij})_{1\leq i,j\leq n-1}\) is an \((n-1)\times (n-1)\) real matrix and \({\mathbf a}=(a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_{n-1})^T\), \({\mathbf b}=(b_1,b_2,\ldots,b_{n-1})^T\) are vectors in \(\mathbb{R}^{n-1}\). The authors also study the associated non-perturbed systems (the fast subsystem and the slow subsystem) for the above system. A Fenichel's like theorem, where they give an explicit expression for the invariant slow manifold is proved. Then the authors present conditions for the existence of maximal canard orbits and/or faux maximal canard orbits. They also show that these maximal canards perturb from singular orbits (singular canards) whose order of contact with the fold manifold is greater than or equal to two.