Pseudospectra and essential pseudospectra of multivalued linear relations (Q892120)

In this work, the authors introduce and study the pseudospectra and essential pseudospectra of linear relations. The concept of pseudospectra was firstly introduced in the context of linear operators by \textit{J. M. Varah} [The computation of bounds for the invariant subspaces of a general matrix operator. Stanford: Stanford University (PhD Thesis) (1967)] and later studied by many other authors. In particular, \textit{L. N. Trefethen} [in: Numerical analysis 1991. Proceedings of the 14th Dundee conference, June 25--28, 1991, Dundee, UK. Dundee: Longman Scientific \& Technical; New York: John Wiley \& Sons. 234--266 (1992; Zbl 0798.15005)] developed this concept for matrices and operators, and used it in several mathematical physics problems. The concept of linear relations appeared firstly in functional analysis, when considering adjoints of non-densely defined linear differential operators [\textit{J. von Neumann}, Ann. Math. (2) 33, 294--310 (1932; Zbl 0004.21603)]. It has found applications in economic theory, noncooperative games, artificial intelligence, and so on. The authors discuss properties of pseudospectra and essential pseudospectra of closed linear relations in Banach spaces. Also, they consider relations between pseudospectra (essential pseudospectrum) and spectrum (Weyl spectrum).