The maximal operator on generalized Orlicz spaces (Q892672)

A convex, left-continuous function \(\varphi:\;[0,\infty)\to[0,\infty]\) with \(\varphi(0)=\lim_{t\to0^+}\varphi(t)=0\), and \(\lim_{t\to\infty}\varphi(t)=\infty\) is called a \(\Phi\)-function. The set of \(\Phi\)-functions is denoted by \(\Phi\). The set \(\Phi({\mathbb R}^n)\) consists of those \(\varphi:\;{\mathbb R}^n\times[0,\infty)\to[0,\infty]\) with (i) \(\varphi(x,\cdot)\in\Phi\) for every \(x\in{\mathbb R}^n\); (ii) \(\varphi(\cdot,t)\in L^0({\mathbb R}^n)\), the set of measurable functions, for every \(t\in[0,\infty)\). Let \(\varphi\in\Phi({\mathbb R}^n)\) and define \(\varrho_{\varphi(\cdot)}\) for \(f\in L^0({\mathbb R}^n)\) by \(\varrho_{\varphi(\cdot)}(f):=\int_{{\mathbb R}^n}\varphi(x,|f(x)|)\,dx\). The generalized Orlicz space is defined as the set \[ L^{\varphi(\cdot)}({\mathbb R}^n)=\left\{f\in L^0({\mathbb R}^n):\;\lim_{\lambda\to0}\varrho_{\varphi(\cdot)}(\lambda f)=0\right\} \] equipped with the norm \(\|f\|_{\varphi(\cdot)}:=\inf\{\lambda\in(0,\infty):\;\varrho_{\varphi(\cdot)}(\frac{x}{\lambda})\leq1\}\). Let \(M\) be the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator. In this paper, the author mainly obtains a sufficient condition for the boundedness of \(M\) on generalized Orlicz spaces. Precisely, suppose that \(\varphi\in\Phi({\mathbb R}^n)\) satisfies the following assumptions for some positive constant \(\sigma\): {\parindent=8mm \begin{itemize} \item[(i)] There exists a positive constant \(\alpha\) such that, for every \(x\in{\mathbb R}^n\), \(\varphi(x,\alpha) \in[0,1]\) and \(\varphi(x,\sigma)\in[1,\infty]\). \item [(ii)] There exists a constant \(\alpha\in(0,1)\) such that \(\varphi_B^+(\alpha t)\leq\varphi_B^-(t)\) for every \(t\in[\sigma,(\varphi_B^-)^{-1}(\frac{1}{|B|})]\) and every ball \(B\subset{\mathbb R}^n\) with \((\varphi_B^-)^{-1}(\frac{1}{|B|})\geq \sigma\), where \(\varphi_B^-(t):=\inf_{x\in B}\varphi(x,t)\) and \(\varphi_B^+(t):=\sup_{x\in B}\varphi(x,t)\). \item [(iii)] There exist a positive constant \(\alpha\) and \(h\in L^1_{\mathrm{weak}}({\mathbb R}^n)\cap L^{\infty}({\mathbb R}^n)\) such that, for every \(t\in[0,\sigma]\), \(\varphi(x,\alpha t)\leq\varphi(y,t)+h(x)+h(y)\). \end{itemize}} Moreover, suppose that \(\beta\in(1,\infty)\) is a constant such that \(s\longmapsto s^{-\beta}\varphi(x,s)\) is increasing for every \(x\in{\mathbb R}^n\). The author shows that \(M\) is bounded on \(L^{\varphi(\cdot)}({\mathbb R}^n)\). Particularly, the result includes as special cases the optimal condition for Orlicz spaces as well as the essentially optimal conditions for variable exponent Lebesgue spaces and the double-phase functional. Editorial remark. For a correction, see [Zbl 1460.47014].