Recent progress on submersions: a survey and new properties (Q895924)

Summary: This paper is a survey about recent progress on submersive morphisms of schemes combined with new results that we prove. They concern the class of quasicompact universally subtrusive morphisms that we introduced about 30 years ago. They are revisited in a recent paper by \textit{D. Rydh} [Bull. Soc. Math. Fr. 138, No. 2, 181--230 (2010; Zbl 1215.14004)], with substantial complements and key results. We use them to show Artin-Tate-like results about the 14th problem of Hilbert, for a base scheme either Noetherian or the spectrum of a valuation domain. We look at faithfully flat morphisms and get ``almost'' Artin-Tate-like results by considering the Goldman (finite type) points of a scheme. \textit{B. Poonen} [\url{http://mathoverflow.net/questions/23337/}] recently proved that universally closed morphisms are quasicompact. By introducing incomparable morphisms of schemes, we are able to characterize universally closed surjective morphisms that are either integral or finite. Next we consider pure morphisms of schemes introduced by \textit{B. Mesablishvili} [Georgian Math. J. 11, No. 4, 783--800 (2004; Zbl 1084.14002); Appl. Categ. Struct. 12, No. 5--6, 485--512 (2004; Zbl 1084.14003)]. In the quasicompact case, they are universally schematically dominant morphisms. This leads us to a characterization of universally subtrusive morphisms by purity. Some results on the schematically dominant property are given. The paper ends with properties of monomorphisms and topological immersions, a dual notion of submersions.