Hausdorff measure of hairs without endpoints in the exponential family (Q897505)

The authors study the exponential functions \(E(z)=\lambda e^{z}\), where \(z\in\mathbb{C}\) and \(0<\lambda<1/e\) is a parameter. In the one-dimensional complex dynamics, the main objects of the study are the Fatou set and Julia set. The Fatou set \(\mathcal{F}\) consists of the points \(z\in\mathbb{C}\) where the iterates \(E^n\) of \(E\) form a normal family. The Julia set \(\mathcal{J}\) is the complement of the Fatou set, that is, \(\mathcal{J}=\mathbb{C}\setminus\mathcal{F}\). There are interesting results on the study of the exponential function \(E\). \textit{R. L. Devaney} and \textit{M. Krych} found that there are uncountably many pairwise disjoint curves joining infinity and a point in the Julia set [Ergodic Theory Dyn. Syst. 4, 35--52 (1984; Zbl 0567.58025)], where these curves are said to be hairs or dynamic rays. Let \(\mathcal{C}\) be the set of the finite endpoints of the curves. The sets \(\mathcal{J}\) and \(\mathcal{J}\setminus\mathcal{C}\) have Hausdorff dimension two [\textit{C. McMullen}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 300, 329--342 (1987; Zbl 0618.30027)] and one [\textit{B. Karpińska}, C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, Sér. I, Math. 328, No. 11, 1039--1044 (1999; Zbl 0955.37024)], respectively. Furthermore, McMullen pointed out that the Hausdorff measure of \(\mathcal{J}\) with respect to the gauge function (or dimension function) \(h(t)=t^2/\log^m(1/t)\) is infinite, where \(m\) is a positive integer, and a gauge function is a continuous increasing function from \((0,t_0)\) to \((0,\infty)\) satisfying that \(t_0>0\) and the right limit of the function at the origin is zero. The authors obtain some gauge functions such that the Hausdorff measure of \(\mathcal{J}\setminus\mathcal{C}\) is zero or infinity (Theorems 1.1 and 1.2), where a class of gauge functions is based on the fractional iterates of \(E\). Inspired by the work of \textit{B. Karpińska} and \textit{M. Urbański} [J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 73, No. 1, 141--156 (2006; Zbl 1092.30043)], the authors construct two interesting subsets (one is associated with an increasing function, another is related to the first subset and the dynamics of \(E\)), define some gauge functions, and obtain the conditions under which the Hausdorff measure of the subset related to the dynamics is infinity or zero (Theorem 1.3). Further, two results are given to illustrate that the fractional iterates of the inverse of \(E\) are good candidates for the increasing functions (Theorems 1.4 and 1.5).