A diffusive limit for the profiles of random Young diagrams by way of free probability (Q899104)

The phenomenon of concentration of the limit shape of random Young diagrams, regarded as members of the Plancherel ensemble, has been established via the weak law of large numbers (see [\textit{B. F. Logan} and \textit{L. A. Shepp}, Adv. Math. 26, 206--222 (1977; Zbl 0363.62068)] and [\textit{A. M. Vershik} and \textit{S. V. Kerov}, Sov. Math., Dokl. 18, 527--531 (1977); translation from Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 233, 1024--1027 (1977; Zbl 0406.05008)]). On the other hand, dynamical convergence models (motivated by statistical physics methods and the related concept of diffusive limit) has been seldom addressed. See, however, [\textit{T. Funaki} and \textit{M. Sasada}, Commun. Math. Phys. 299, No. 2, 335--363 (2010; Zbl 1204.82005)] where a hydrodynamical limit was considered for the evolution model of two-dimensional Young diagrams. The main purpose of the present paper is to depart from the considerations of \textit{P. Biane} [Adv. Math. 138, No. 1, 126--181 (1998; Zbl 0927.20008)] who analyzed the representations of symmetric groups in the framework of the free probability theory. The goal is to construct a new dynamical model of concentration of Young diagrams, while directly exploring the group theory concepts. The model is based on the asymtotic limit of the Markov chain, where the concept of the canonical ensemble is implicit. Next, the Plancherel ensemble is discussed within the grand canonical ensemble formalism. The microscopic dynamics is presumed to keep the Plancherel measure invariant and the evolution of the profiles of Young diagrams is considered in the diffusive scaling limit. The notions of Voiculescu's free probability theory (free compression, free convolution of transition matrices) naturally arise.