An arithmetical approach to the convergence problem of series of dilated functions and its connection with the Riemann zeta function (Q907480)

The paper deals with the convergence and the almost everywhere convergence of the series \(\sum_{k\geq 1}c_kf(n_k x)\), where \(\mathcal{N} = \{n_k: k\geq 1\}\) is an increasing sequence of positive integers, \(\underline{c} = (c_k)\) is a real coefficient sequence, and \(f\in L^2(\mathbb{R}/\mathbb{Z})\) is a periodic function such that \(f(x)\sim \sum_{j=1}^\infty a_j \exp(2\pi i jx)\). A crucial step in author's approach is to find suitable bounds of \(\| \sum_{k\in K}c_k f_k||_2\), (\(f_k(x) = f(kx)\)). For example, the author proves that \[ \left\|\sum_{k\in K}c_k f_k\right\|_2^2\leq \left(\sum_{m=1}^\infty a_m^2 d(m)\right)\sum_{k\in K}c_k^2 d(k^2) \] for every finite set \(K\), provided \(\sum_{m=1}^\infty a_m^2 d(m)<\infty\). Moreover, by considering the sum \(\sum_{k,l\in K}c_kc_l\frac{(k,l)^{2s}}{k^s l^s}\), it is proved that for any \(s>1/2\) and any finite set \(K\), we have \[ \zeta(2s)^{-1}\left\|\sum_{k\in K}c_k f^{(s)}_k\right\|_2^2\leq \inf_{0<\varepsilon<2s-1}\frac{1+\varepsilon}{\varepsilon} \sum_{k\in K}c_k^2 \sigma_{1+\varepsilon-2s}(k), \] which immediately implies that \(\sum_{k\geq 1} c_kf_k^{(s)}\) converges in \(L^2(\mathbb{R}/\mathbb{Z})\). Now let us assume that \(a_m = O(m^{-\alpha})\) for some \(\alpha> 1/2\). Then the author proves that the series \(\sum_{k\geq 1}c_kf_k\) converges almost everywhere if one of the following conditions hold: {\parindent=8mm \begin{itemize}\item[(i)] \(1/2<\alpha<1\) and \[ \sum_{k\geq 3}c_k^2(\log k)^{4(1-\alpha)}(\log\log k)^{2(1-\alpha)}d(k^2)<\infty; \] \item[(ii)] \(\alpha=1\) and \[ \sum_{k\geq 3}c_k^2(\log\log k)^{2}d(k^2)<\infty; \] \item[(iii)] if \(a_m=O(m^{-1/2}(\log m)^{-(1+h)/2})\) for some \(h>1\) and \[ \sum_{k\geq 3}c_k^2(\log k)^2(\log\log k)^{1-h}d(k^2)<\infty. \] \end{itemize}} In the case of a function \(f\in BV(\mathbb{R}/\mathbb{Z})\) satisfying \(\langle f,1\rangle = 0\), the authors shows that in order to get the almost everywhere convergent series it suffices to check that \[ \sum_{k\geq 3}c_k^2\frac{(\log\log k)^{4}}{(\log\log\log k)^2}<\infty. \] What is more, the author shows the following arithmetical type \(\Omega\)-result for the Riemann zeta-function: \[ \max_{1\leq t\leq T}|\zeta(\sigma+it)|\gg \left(\sigma_{-2\varepsilon}(v)^{-1}\sum_{n|v}\frac{\sigma_{-\sigma+\varepsilon}(n)^2}{n^{2\varepsilon}}\right)^{1/2} \] (the implied constant is given explicitly), whenever \(v,T\) satisfy some simple inequality.