Study of proper circulant weighing matrices with weight 9 (Q924967)

A weighing matrix of order \(n\) and weight \(w\) is an \(n \times n\) matrix \(W\) with entries from \(\{-1,0,1\}\) satisfying \(WW^T = wI\), where \(I\) is the identity matrix. Such a matrix is circulant if its rows are obtained by shifting the first row in a cyclical manner. \textit{Y. Strassler} [PhD Thesis, Bar-Ilan University (1998)] obtained a computer-aided proof that a weighing matrix of order \(n\) and weight 9 exists if and only if \(13 \mid n\) or \(24 \mid n\). Here the same result is proved with algebraic tools.