Some remarks on perturbation classes of semi-Fredholm and Fredholm operators (Q925460)

Let \(X,Y\) be Banach spaces. Denote by \({\mathcal L}(X,Y)\) (resp., \({\mathcal C}(X,Y)\)) the set of all bounded linear (resp., closed densely defined) operators from \(X\) into \(Y\). Let \(\Phi(X,Y)\subset{\mathcal C}(X,Y)\) be the set of all Fredholm operators. Denote by \({\mathcal F}(X,Y)\) the set of all Fredholm perturbations, i.e., operators \(F\in{\mathcal L}(X,Y)\) such that \(U+F\in\Phi(X,Y)\) whenever \(U\in\Phi(X,Y)\). In a similar way, there are defined the sets \({\mathcal F}_{\pm}(X,Y)\subset {\mathcal L}(X,Y)\) connected with the semi-Fredholm properties. Denote by \({\mathcal S}(X,Y)\subset{\mathcal L}(X,Y)\) the set of all strictly singular operators. The authors prove that there exist Banach spaces \(X,Y\) such that \({\mathcal S}(X,Y)\) is the proper subset of \({\mathcal F}_{+}(X,Y)\). An analogous result is valid for the set of strictly cosingular operators. The construction of spaces \(X,Y\) is based on the results of \textit{W.\,T.\thinspace Gowers} and \textit{B.\,Maurey} [J.~Am.\ Math.\ Soc.\ 6, No.\,4, 851--874 (1993; Zbl 0827.46008); Math.\ Ann.\ 307, No.\,4, 543--568 (1997; Zbl 0876.46006)].