The Schur-Szegö composition of real polynomials of degree 2 (Q928359)

The composition of Schur-Szegő of two polynomials of degree \(n\), \(P=\sum_{j=0}^{n}C_{n}^{j}\,a_{j}\,x^{j}\) and \(Q=\sum_{j=0}^{n}C_{n}^{j}\,b_{j}\,x^{j}\) is the polynomial \(P*Q=\sum_{j=0}^{n}C_{n}^{j}\,a_{j}\,b_{j}\,x^{j}\). A real polynomial \(P\) in one real variable is called hyperbolic if its roots are all real. In this paper the authors show how for \(n=2\) and when \(P\) and \(Q\) are real or hyperbolic the roots of \(P*Q\) depend on the roots or the coefficients of \(P\) and \(Q\). They also consider the case when \(n\geq 2\) is arbitrary and \(P\) and \(Q\) are of the form \((x-1)^{n-1}\,(x+b)\). Observing that the composition of Schur-Szegő is associative and commutative the authors prove that every polynomial of degree \(n\) having one of its roots at \((-1)\) is representable in the form \(K_{a_{1}}*\dots *K_{a_{n-1}}\) where \(K_{a}:=(x+1)^{n-1}\,(x+a)\). This representation is unique modulo permutation of the \(a_{i}\).