A uniform quantum version of the Cherry theorem (Q934592)

The authors consider the \(2\)-dimensional Schrödinger operator \[ H(\epsilon) = P_0(\hbar, \omega) + \epsilon F_0(\hbar, \omega), \] where \(P_0(\hbar, \omega)\Psi = -\frac{1}{2}\hbar^2\Delta \Psi + \frac{1}{2} \left( \omega_1^2 x_1^2 + \omega_2^2 x_2^2 \right)\Psi\) is the quantum harmonic oscillator with complex frequencies \(\omega\in\mathbb C^2\) and \(F_0\) is a semiclassical pseudo\-differential operator with symbol in a class of functions satisfying certain decay conditions on its Fourier transform. It is shown that for each \(\hbar^*>0\) there exists an \(\epsilon^*>0\) and an open set \(\Gamma\subset \mathbb C^2\setminus\mathbb R^2\) such that the quantum normal form near \(P_0\) converges uniformly with respect to \(\hbar\). This yields an exact quantization formula for the eigenvalues. The spectrum of \(H(\epsilon)\) is given by the quantization formula \[ E_n(\hbar, \epsilon) = \langle \omega,\, n\rangle\hbar +\frac{1}{2} (\omega_1 + \omega_2)\hbar +\mathcal N(n\hbar, \hbar;\epsilon), \] where \(\mathcal N\) can be expanded in powers of \(\epsilon\) \[ \mathcal N(n\hbar, \hbar, \epsilon) = \sum_{p=1}^\infty \mathcal N_p(n\hbar,\hbar)\epsilon^p \] with coefficients analytic in its first argument and continuous in the second argument. If \(\Omega\) is a compact subset of \(\mathbb R_+^2\), then the radius of convergence of \(\mathcal N\) is \(\epsilon^*\) uniformly with respect to \((I,\hbar)\in \Omega\times [0,\hbar^*]\). Although the conditions of the Cherry theorem are less restrictive than those imposed on \(F_0\) considered in this paper, it turns out that in the classical case (\(\hbar=0\)) an improved version of the theorem is obtained: the Birkhoff normal form converges in any compact set of \(\mathbb R^2\) provided that \(| \epsilon| \) is small enough.