Exact values of Bernstein \(n\)-widths for some classes of periodic functions with formal self-adjoint linear differential operators (Q938478)

The unit circle \(\{z= e^{i\theta}, 0\leq\theta\leq 2\pi\}\) of the complex plane is denoted by \(T\), and for \(1\leq p<\infty\), \(L^p(T)\) denotes \(\{[f]:\|[f]\|_p< \infty\}\), where \([f]\) is the equivalence class of functions which differ from \(f\) on sets of measure 0 and \[ \| f\|_p= \Biggl\{\int_T|f(z)|^p dz\Biggr\}^{1/p}. \] If \(x^{(j)}(z)\), \(j= 1,2,\dots,(r- 1),r\), denotes the \(j\)th derivative of the fiurction \(x\) on \(T\), then \(W^r_p\) denotes \(\{x: x^{(r)}\in L^p(T)\) and \(\| x^{(r)}\|_p\leq 1\}\). If \((X,\|\cdot\|_X)\) is a normed linear space with norm \(\|\cdot\|_X\) and \(A\) is a centrally symmetric subset of \(X\), the Bernstein width \(b_n(A,X)\) of \(A\), is defined by \[ b_n(A,X)= \sup_{L\in V}\sup\{\lambda> 0: L\cap\lambda{\mathcal B}_X\subset A\}, \] where \(V\) is the class of subsets of \(X\) with dimension \(\geq n+ 1\), and \({\mathcal B}_X\) is the unit ball of \(X\). In the main result of this paper, the author shows that: if \(1< p<\infty\), \({\mathcal L}_\tau(d/dt)={\mathcal L}_\tau(D)\) is a linear selfadjoint differential operator \(D^r+ a_{r-1} D^{r-1}+\cdots+ a_1 D+ a_0\), with \({\mathcal L}_\tau(- D)= (-1)^r{\mathcal L}_\tau(D)\), and if \(W_p({\mathcal L}_\tau)= \{x:\|{\mathcal L }_\tau(D) x(.)\|_p\leq 1\}\), then \(b_{2n-1}(W_p({\mathcal L}_\tau, L^p)= \lambda_{2n}= \lambda_{2n}(p,p,{\mathcal L}_\tau)\), where \(\lambda_{2n}\) is the eigenvalue of the boundary value problem \[ {\mathcal L}_\tau(D)y(t)= (-1)^r \lambda^{-p}|x(t)|^p/x(t), \] \(y(t)= |{\mathcal L}_\tau(D) x(t)|^p/{\mathcal L}_\tau(D)(t)\), \(x^{(j)}(0)= x^{(j)}(2\pi)\), \(y^{(j)}(0)= y^{(j)}(2\pi)\), \(j= 0,1,2,\dots, n-1\), for which the eigenfunction \(x(.)= x_{2n}(.)\) has \(2n\) simple zeros in \(T\) and \(\|{\mathcal L}_\tau(D)x(.)\|_p= 1\).