A curious functional equation (Q948869)

Motivated by the well-known Cauchy's functional equation, the author investigates the equation \(f(2x)=2f(x)\) and its continuous analogue \[ A(f)(x):=\frac{1}{x}\int_0^xf(t)\,dt=f\Bigr(\frac{x}{2}\Bigl). \] The main result of the paper states that if a solution of the equation above is infinitely differentiable at zero, then it is affine. In other words, if a real function satisfies the Hermite-Hadamard inequality with equality at \(a=0\) and arbitrary \(b=x\), and is infinitely differentiable at \(a=0\), then it has to be affine. Although the result is about real functions, the proof is based on the theory of functions of a complex variable. It is also proved that the operator \(A-I\) acting on \(L^2[0,+\infty]\) is unitary, where \(I\) is the identical operator and \(A\) is the averaging operator defined by the left hand side of the equation above.