Fundamental relations in Ringel-Hall algebras. (Q949590)

Let \(A\) be a finitary \(\mathbb{F}_q\)-algebra, where \(\mathbb{F}_q\) is a finite field. Let \(\mathcal H(A)\) be the Ringel-Hall algebra of \(A\) (it is the free Abelian group with basis \(u_{[M]}\) indexed by isoclasses \([M]\) of finite dimensional \(A\)-modules \(M\); the multiplication is given by the formula \(u_{[M]}u_{[N]}=\sum_{[L]}F_{M,N}^Lu_{[L]}\), where \(F_{M,N}^L\) is the number of submodules \(X\) of \(L\) such that \(X\cong N\) and \(L/X\cong M\)). For any simple \(A\)-module \(S_i\) put \(u_i=u_{[S_i]}\). In the paper the following theorem is proved. Theorem. Let \(S_i\), \(S_j\) be non-isomorphic simple \(A\)-modules such that \(\text{Ext}_A^1(S_i,S_i)=0\). Then in \(\mathcal H(A)\) the following fundamental relations are satisfied \[ \sum_{r=0}^n(-1)^rq_i^{\frac{(r+c_{ij}'')(r+c_{ij}''-1)}{2}}\left[\left[n\atop r \right]\right]_{q_i} u_i^ru_ju_i^{n-r}=0, \] where \(n=1-c_{ij}\), \(c_{ij}=2\delta_{ij}+(c_{ij}'+c_{ij}'')\), \(\delta_{ij}\) is the Kronecker symbol, \(c_{ij}'=-\dim_{D_i}\text{Ext}_A^1(S_j,S_i)\), \(c_{ij}''=-\dim\text{Ext}_A^1(S_i,S_j)_{D_i}\) and \(D_i=\text{End}_A(S_i)\). It is a generalization of Ringel's results, who proved a similar theorem with the additional assumption that \(\text{Ext}_A^1(S_i,S_j)=0\) or \(\text{Ext}_A^1(S_j,S_i)=0\). In the paper the authors prove also the quantized version of this theorem for the twisted Ringel-Hall algebra. Moreover, it is proved that \(\mathcal H(A)\) satisfies higher order fundamental relations. Finally, the authors prove that, if \(B\) is a factor algebra of \(A\), then \(\mathcal H(B)\) is a factor algebra of \(\mathcal H(A)\).