Descent of coherent sheaves and complexes to geometric invariant theory quotients (Q952553)

Let \(X\) be a scheme over a field \(k\) of characteristic zero, and let \(G\) be a reductive algebraic \(k\)-group which acts on \(X\). It is well known [\textit{J.-M. Drezet} and \textit{M. S. Narasimhan}, Invent. Math. 97, No. 1, 53--94 (1989; Zbl 0689.14012)] that when \(X\) is quasiprojective and \(k\) is algebraically closed a \(G\)-vector bundle on the semistable locus \(X^{ss}\) descends to a good quotient \(X//G\) if and only if for every \(x\in X^{ss}\) which is a closed point whose orbit is closed in \(X^{ss}\) the stabilizer of \(x\) in \(G\) acts trivially on the fiber \(E_{x}\) of \(E\) at \(x\). The descent criterion above is generalized, first to the case of \(G\)-equivariant coherent sheaves. For \(X\) a scheme which is locally of finite type over \(k\) (not necessarily algebraically closed) such that \(G\) acts on \(X\) with good quotient \(X\to X//G,\) a \(G\)-equivariant coherent \(\mathcal{O}_{X}\)-module \(\mathcal{M}\) descends to \(X//G\) if and only if for every closed \(x\in X\) which lies in a closed \(G\)-orbit the \(\mathcal{O}_{X,x}\)-modules \(\mathcal{M\otimes}( \mathcal{O}_{X}/\mathfrak{m}_{x})\) and Tor\(_{1}^{\mathcal{O}_{X}}(\mathcal{M},\mathcal{O}_{X}/\mathfrak{m}_{x}) \) are generated by elements invariant under the isotropy subgroup \(G_{x}.\) Furthermore, if \(k\) is algebraically closed then \(\mathcal{M}\) descends if and only if for each \(x\in X\) as above the \(\mathcal{O}_{X,x}\)-modules \(\mathcal{M\otimes}( \mathcal{O}_{X}/\mathfrak{m}_{x}) \) and Tor\(_{1}^{\mathcal{O}_{X}}(\mathcal{M},\mathcal{O}_{X}/\mathfrak{m}_{x}) \) are trivial representations of \(G_{x}.\) One can generalize the theorem cited above differently by considering the question of descent of equivariant complexes to \(X//G.\) Let \(X\) be a scheme which is locally of finite type over \(k\), and suppose \(G\) acts on \(X\) with good quotient \(X\to X//G.\) Let \(\mathbf{E}\) denote a bounded-above \(G\)-equivariant complex of coherent sheaves on \(X\). Then \(\mathbf{E}\) is equivariantly quasi-isomorphic to a complex \(\mathbf{E}^{\prime}\) on \(X\) which descends to \(X//G\) if and only if for each closed point \(x\in X\) lying in a closed \(G\)-orbit the \(\mathcal{O}_{X}\)-modules \(H^{j}(\mathbf{E\otimes} ^{\mathbf{L}}\mathcal{O}_{X}/\mathfrak{m}_{x}) \) are generated by elements which are invariant under the isotropy subgroup \(G_{x}\) for all \(j\). Also, if \(k\) is algebraically closed, this is equivalent to the above modules are trivial. The results above were motivated by the author's interest in some specific examples which are provided at the end of the paper, namely the equivariant cotangent complex in the case \(X\) is smooth and the cotangent complex in the symplectic case.