Integral canonical models of unitary Shimura varieties (Q953946)

One associates Shimura varieties with a Shimura datum \((G, X)\) (where \(G\) is a reductive group over \(\mathbb{Q}\), \(X\) is a \(G(\mathbb{R})\)-conjugacy class of homomorphisms \(\mathrm{Res}_{\mathbb{C}/\mathbb{R}} \mathbb{G}_m \rightarrow G_{\mathbb{R}}\), and the pair satisfies Deligne's axioms) by taking the double quotients \(Sh(G,X)_K = G(\mathbb{Q}) \backslash X \times G(\mathbb{A}_f) / K\), where \(K\) ranges over compact open subgroups of the finite adelic points \(G(\mathbb{A}_f)\). The term ``unitary'' in the title means that the adjoint group \(G^{\mathrm{ad}}\) is nontrivial and its simple factors over \(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}\) are all of type \(A\) as simple algebraic groups. The Shimura varieties are quasi-projective complex algebraic varieties by the Baily-Borel theorem, and by Shimura, Deligne, Milne and others, one knows that they admit canonical models over a number field \(E(G, X)\), the reflex field. In order to study the arithmetic of these varieties, it is important to have good integral models. When the level subgroup \(K\) is hyperspecial at \(p\), Langlands suggested the existence of such models over \(\mathbb{Z}_p\), and Milne formulated the notion of integral canonical models, in terms of Néron-like extension properties, and conjectured their existence. The main goal of this paper is to prove Milne's conjecture in the unitary case. A very rough outline of the rather intricate proof is: first find another Shimura datum \((G_1, X_1)\) which has the same adjoint datum as \((G, X)\) and, in addition, embeds nicely into the Siegel modular case; prove the conjecture for \((G_1, X_1)\) using the embedding; and then deduce the same for \((G, X)\). The article includes errata to the author's previous article [Asian. J. Math., 3, 401--518 (1999; Zbl 1002.11052)] at the end.