On some nonlinear partial differential equations involving the 1-Laplacian (Q954083)

The author deals with the existence of nonnegative solutions \(w_n\) in \(BV(\Omega)\), to the problem \[ \begin{cases}\text{-div}\,\sigma+2n (\int_\Omega w-1) \text{sign}^+(w)=0 & \text{in } \Omega,\\ \sigma \cdot\nabla w=|\nabla w| & \text{in }\Omega,\\ w\text{ is not identically zero, }-\sigma\cdot\vec nw=w &\text{in }\Omega,\end{cases} \tag{1} \] where \(\Omega\) is a smooth bounded domain in \(\mathbb R^N\), \(N>1\), \(\vec n\) denotes the unit outer normal to \(\partial \Omega\), and \(\text{sign}^+(w)\) denotes some \(L^\infty(\Omega)\) function defined as \[ \text{sign}^+(w)w=w^+,\quad 0\leq\text{sign}^+(w)\leq 1. \] The purpose of the present paper is to propose an approach of the first eigenvalue and first eigenfunctions, using a penalization method.