Bifurcation of periodic orbits in a class of planar Filippov systems (Q955667)

The authors consider the planar Filippov system \[ \dot{x}=g_+(x)+\varepsilon f_+(x), \quad x\in \Sigma_+, \] \[ \dot{x}=g_-(x)+\varepsilon f_-(x), \quad x\in \Sigma_-, \] where \(g_{\pm}, f_{\pm}\in C^2(\Sigma_{\pm}\cup\Sigma_0,\mathbb{R}^2)\) and \(|\varepsilon|\leq \varepsilon_0\ll1\) for some \(\varepsilon_0>0\). The state space \(\mathbb{R}^2\) is decomposed into two disjoint regions \(\Sigma_+\) and \(\Sigma_-\) by the switching line \(\Sigma_0:=\{x\in\mathbb{R}^2: c^Tx=0\}\) such that \(\mathbb{R}^2=\Sigma_{+}\cup\Sigma_0\cup\Sigma_-\), where \(c=(c_1,c_2)^T\in\mathbb{R}^2\) is a nonzero constant vector, \(\Sigma_+:=\{x\in\mathbb{R}^2: c^Tx>0\}\), and \(\Sigma_-:=\{x\in\mathbb{R}^2: c^Tx<0\}\). When the reduced system (\(\varepsilon=0\)) has a limit cycle, they give some conditions ensuring the existence of a unique limit cycle in the perturbed system for sufficiently small \(|\varepsilon|\). When the reduced system has an annulus of periodic orbits, they give some conditions under which limit cycles are bifurcated from the annulus. They also discuss the stability and bifurcations of a nonhyperbolic limit cycle. When the system has an annulus of periodic orbits, they show via an example how the number of limit cycles bifurcating from the annulus is affected by the switching. The results are very interesting.