Equiangular tight frames from complex Seidel matrices containing cube roots of unity (Q958032)

A set \(\{f_i\}_{1\leq i\leq n}\) in the complex Hilbert space \(\mathbb{C}^k\) is a uniform \((n,k)\)-frame if for all \(x\in \mathbb{C}^k\) \[ \| x\|^2= \sum^n_{i=1} |\langle x,f_i\rangle|^2, \] and for all \(i\), \(\| f_i\|= a\neq 0\). The class of these is denoted by \({\mathcal F}(n,k)\) while \({\mathcal F}_{\text{eq}}(n,k)\) stands for its subclass formed by equivangular frames, i.e., satisfying for some constant \[ |\langle f_i, f_j\rangle|= \text{const}\text{ for all }i\neq j. \] Using the analysis operator \(V: x\mapsto (\langle x,f_i\rangle)_{1\leq i\leq n}\) one can associate to \(\{f_i\}_{1\leq i\leq n}\) the Grammian \(V^*V\). This is a one-to-one correspondence between \({\mathcal F}(k,n)\) and the class of J\(n\times n\) Grammians factorized by unitary equivalence. If \(G\) is such a Grammian, then \[ G= {k\over n} Jd_n+ c_{n,k} Q, \] where \(Q\) is a Seidel matrix, i.e. a self-adjoint matrix such that \(Q_{ii}= 0\) and \(|Q_{ij}|= 1\) for \(i\neq j\). The starting point for the authors study is the following: a frame \(\{f_i\}_{1\leq i\leq n}\) from \({\mathcal F}(k,n)\) is equiangular if and only if the associated Seidel matrix has exactly two eigenvalues.