Collapsing, spectrum, and Diophantine properties of Riemannian flows (Q968262)

Let \(M\) be a compact Riemannian manifold of dimension \(n\). A Riemannian flow \({\mathcal F}\) on \(M\) induces a one dimensional foliation. Consider a bundle-like metric \(g\) on \(M\), i.e., there is a splitting \(g=g_{H}+g_{V}\) of the metric \(g\) where {\parindent4mm \begin{itemize}\item[{\(\bullet\)}] \(g_{V}\) is the component of the metric tangential to the leaves; \item[{\(\bullet\)}] \(g_{H}\) is the orthogonal component; \item[{\(\bullet\)}] \(g_{H}\) is constant along the flow \({\mathcal F}\). \end{itemize}} The adiabatic collapsing associated with \(g\) is the family of metrics \(\{g_{\varepsilon}\}\) where \(g_{\varepsilon}=g_{H}+\varepsilon^{2}g_{V}\) with \(\varepsilon\leq 1\). For a non negative integer \(p\), denote, if it exists, by \(\lambda_{p,0}(M,g)\) the zero eigenvalue on \(p\)-forms, and by \[ \lambda_{p,1}(M,g)\leq\lambda_{p,2}(M,g)\leq\cdots \] the non zero eigenvalues counted with their multiplicity. On the other hand, given a vector field which is tangent to the flow, the basic cohomology \(H^{\star}(M/{\mathcal F})\) of the flow \({\mathcal F}\) is defined by the basic forms: \[ \omega\in\Omega^{\star}(M),\;\;i_{X}\omega=i_{X}d\omega=0. \] One of the main results in the paper under review may then be stated as follows: (1) the number of small non zero eigenvalues on \(p\)-forms for the collapsing \(\{g_{\varepsilon}\}\) is \[ m_{p}=\dim H^{p}(M/{\mathcal F})+\dim H^{n-p}(M/{\mathcal F})-b_{p}(M); \] (2) there exists a constant \(c>1\) such that for all \(p\), all \(1\leq k\leq m_{p}\) and all \(0<\varepsilon<1\), one has: \[ c^{-1}\varepsilon^{2}\leq\lambda_{p,k}(M,g_{\varepsilon})\leq c\varepsilon^{2}. \] Other results on the Gromov-Hausdorff distance between \((M,g_{\varepsilon})\) and the limit space of the collapsing are proved. Moreover, Diophantine properties of the flow are derived. In particular, the paper contains an appendix on arithmetic properties of Riemannian flows.