Modified zeta functions as kernels of integral operators (Q977492)

Let \(K\) be a subset of \(\mathbb{N}\). In this paper, the author studies the \(K\)-zeta function \(\zeta_K(s):=\sum_{n\in K}n^{-s}\), which is a generalization of the Riemann zeta-function. The main purpose of the paper is to give an operator-theoretic characterization of the \(K\)-zeta function \(\zeta_K(s)\) which has pole-like behavior at \(s=1\). More precisely, for \(K\subset \mathbb{N}\) and a bounded and symmetric interval \(I\subset \mathbb{R}\), define the operator \[ \mathcal{Z}_{K,I}:g\in L^2(I)\longmapsto \lim_{\delta\to 0}\frac{\chi_I(t)}{\pi}\int_Ig(\tau)\mathrm{Re}\,\zeta_K\bigl(1+\delta+i(t-\tau)\bigr)\,d\tau\in L^2(I), \] where \(\chi_I(t)\) is the characteristic function of \(I\). Then, it is shown that there exists a subset \(L\subset \mathbb{R}\) and a compact operator \(\Phi_{K,I}\) such that \(\mathcal{Z}_{K,I}=\chi_I\mathcal{F}^{-1}\chi_L\mathcal{F}+\Phi_{K,I}\), where \(\mathcal{F}\) is the Fourier transform. Moreover, the author gives some equivalent conditions of \(K\) for which \(\mathcal{Z}_{K,I}\) is bounded below or is a compact perturbation of a scalar multiple of the identity operator. These are closely related to the limit behavior of the counting function \(\pi_K(x)\) of \(K\). Finally, the author studies \(\mathcal{Z}_{K,I}\) precisely in the case where \(K\) has arithmetic structure, that is, \(K\) consists exactly of the integers whose prime number decomposition contain only factors belonging to some specified subset \(Q\) of the set of the prime numbers, in other word, \(\zeta_K(s)\) admits an Euler product. In particular, it is shown that a prime number theorem for \(Q\) neither implies nor is implied by the lower boundedness of \(\mathcal{Z}_{K,I}\).