On conditions for linear singular boundary value problems to be well posed (Q981754)

Necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for the existence of a unique solution to the linear differential equation \[ u^{(n)}=\sum_{k=1}^{n}h_k(t)u^{(k-1)}+h_0(t),\;t\in(a,b), \] satisfying one of the following boundary conditions \[ l_j(u)=c_j,\;j=1,\dots ,n, \] where \(c_j\in R,\,j=1,\dots ,n,\) \[ u^{(i-1)}(a^+)=0,\,i=1,\dots ,n_0,\;\;l_j(u)=c_j,\,j=1,\dots ,n-n_0, \] where \(v(a^+)\) is the right limits of a function \(v\) at \(t=a\) and \(n_0\in\{1,\dots ,n-1\},\) or \[ u^{(i-1)}(a^+)=c_i,\,i=1,\dots ,n-1,\;\;\sum_{j=1}^m\int_{a_0}^bu^{(j-1)}(s)d\varphi_j(s)=c_n, \] where \(m\in\{1,\dots ,n\},\,a_0\in(a,b)\) and \(\varphi_j:[a_0,b]\to \mathbb R,\,j=1,\dots ,m,\) are suitable functions. Here, \(l_j:C_{\alpha_0,\beta_0}^{n-1}((a,b),\mathbb R)\to \mathbb R\), \(j=1,\dots ,n,\) or \(l_j:C_{0,\beta_0}^{n-1}((a,b),\mathbb R)\to \mathbb R\), \(j=1,\dots ,n-n_0,\) are linear boudary functions, where \(\alpha_0,\beta_0\in[0,n-1]\) and, for example, \(C_{\alpha_0,\beta_0}^{n-1}((a,b),\mathbb R)\) is the Banach space of \(n-1\) times continuously differentiable functions \(u:(a,b)\to \mathbb R\) with finite limits \[ \lim_{t\to a}(t-a)^{\alpha_k}u^{(k-1)}(t),\;\;\lim_{t\to b}(t-b)^{\beta_k}u^{(k-1)}(t),\;k=1,\dots ,n, \] for \(\alpha_k=[\alpha-n+k]_+:=(|\alpha-n+k|+\alpha-n+k):2,\;\beta_k=[\beta-n+k]_+.\) For suitable \(\alpha,\beta\in[0,n-1]\), the function \(h_0\) is either in \(L_{\alpha,\beta}((a,b),\mathbb R)\) or \(L_{0,\beta}((a,b),\mathbb R),\) where, for example, \(L_{\alpha,\beta}((a,b),\mathbb R)\) is the Banach space of functions, \(v:(a,b)\to\mathbb R\) that are Lebesgue integrable with the weight \((t-a)^\alpha(b-t)^\beta.\) Finally, \(h_k, k=1,\dots ,n,\) is either in \(L_{\alpha-\alpha_k,\beta-\beta_k}((a,b),\mathbb R)\) or \(L_{n_{0k},\beta-\beta_k}((a,b),\mathbb R),\) where \(n_{0k}=[n_0+1-k]_+.\)