On conditions for linear singular boundary value problems to be well posed

Linear boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations (34B05) Nonlocal and multipoint boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations (34B10) Singular nonlinear boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations (34B16)

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Necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for the existence of a unique solution to the linear differential equation \[ u^{(n)}=\sum_{k=1}^{n}h_k(t)u^{(k-1)}+h_0(t),\;t\in(a,b), \] satisfying one of the following boundary conditions \[ l_j(u)=c_j,\;j=1,\dots ,n, \] where \(c_j\in R,\,j=1,\dots ,n,\) \[ u^{(i-1)}(a^+)=0,\,i=1,\dots ,n_0,\;\;l_j(u)=c_j,\,j=1,\dots ,n-n_0, \] where \(v(a^+)\) is the right limits of a function \(v\) at \(t=a\) and \(n_0\in\{1,\dots ,n-1\},\) or \[ u^{(i-1)}(a^+)=c_i,\,i=1,\dots ,n-1,\;\;\sum_{j=1}^m\int_{a_0}^bu^{(j-1)}(s)d\varphi_j(s)=c_n, \] where \(m\in\{1,\dots ,n\},\,a_0\in(a,b)\) and \(\varphi_j:[a_0,b]\to \mathbb R,\,j=1,\dots ,m,\) are suitable functions. Here, \(l_j:C_{\alpha_0,\beta_0}^{n-1}((a,b),\mathbb R)\to \mathbb R\), \(j=1,\dots ,n,\) or \(l_j:C_{0,\beta_0}^{n-1}((a,b),\mathbb R)\to \mathbb R\), \(j=1,\dots ,n-n_0,\) are linear boudary functions, where \(\alpha_0,\beta_0\in[0,n-1]\) and, for example, \(C_{\alpha_0,\beta_0}^{n-1}((a,b),\mathbb R)\) is the Banach space of \(n-1\) times continuously differentiable functions \(u:(a,b)\to \mathbb R\) with finite limits \[ \lim_{t\to a}(t-a)^{\alpha_k}u^{(k-1)}(t),\;\;\lim_{t\to b}(t-b)^{\beta_k}u^{(k-1)}(t),\;k=1,\dots ,n, \] for \(\alpha_k=[\alpha-n+k]_+:=(|\alpha-n+k|+\alpha-n+k):2,\;\beta_k=[\beta-n+k]_+.\) For suitable \(\alpha,\beta\in[0,n-1]\), the function \(h_0\) is either in \(L_{\alpha,\beta}((a,b),\mathbb R)\) or \(L_{0,\beta}((a,b),\mathbb R),\) where, for example, \(L_{\alpha,\beta}((a,b),\mathbb R)\) is the Banach space of functions, \(v:(a,b)\to\mathbb R\) that are Lebesgue integrable with the weight \((t-a)^\alpha(b-t)^\beta.\) Finally, \(h_k, k=1,\dots ,n,\) is either in \(L_{\alpha-\alpha_k,\beta-\beta_k}((a,b),\mathbb R)\) or \(L_{n_{0k},\beta-\beta_k}((a,b),\mathbb R),\) where \(n_{0k}=[n_0+1-k]_+.\)

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