Multiplicative mappings at some points on matrix algebras (Q984857)

Let \(G\) be an element of the algebra \(\mathcal{M}_{n}\) of all \(n\times n\) complex matrices, and let \(\varphi\) be a linear transformation of \(\mathcal{M}_{n}\) into itself. The authors say that \(\varphi\) is multiplicative at \(G\) if \(\varphi(G)=\varphi(S)\varphi(T)\) for all \(S,T\in\mathcal{M}_{n}\) such that \(ST=G\). The following theorems are proved. Theorem 3.1: If \(\varphi\) is a bijection which fixes the unit matrix \(I_{n}\) and is multiplicative at \(G\), and \(\det G=0\), then there exists an invertible matrix \(P\) such that \(\varphi(S)=PSP^{-1}\) for all \(S.\) Some condition on \(G\) is needed since the transpose map \(\varphi(S):=S^{tr}\) is a bijective linear transformation which fixes \(I_{n}\) and is multiplicative at \(I_{n}\), but \(\varphi\) is not of the form described in the theorem. However, in this case we have Theorem 3.4: If \(\varphi\) is multiplicative at \(I_{n}\) then there exists and invertible matrix \(P\) such that either \(\varphi(S)=PSP^{-1}\) for all \(S\) or \(\varphi(S)=PS^{tr}P^{-1}\) for all \(S\).