Generalised Kostka-Foulkes polynomials and cohomology of line bundles on homogeneous vector bundles (Q987195)

Let \(G\) be a complex semisimple algebraic group with maximal torus \(T\) and Borel subgroup \(B\) (corresponding to the positive roots), and let \(X\) denote the character group of \(T\). Let \(m_{\lambda}^{\mu}\) denote the multiplicity of the weight \(\mu\) in the simple \(G\)-module of highest weight \(\lambda\). \textit{G. Lusztig} [Astérisque 101--102, 208--229 (1983; Zbl 0561.22013)] introduced certain \(q\)-analogues \(m_{\lambda}^{\mu}(q)\) of weight multiplicity (also known as Kostka-Foulkes polymomials). These were based on Kostant's partition function that counts the multiplicity of a weight in a symmetric power \(S^j({\mathfrak u})\) where \({\mathfrak u}\) is the Lie algebra of the unipotent radical of \(B\). Let \(P\) be a parabolic subgroup of \(G\), and let \(N\) be a \(P\)-stable subspace of a finite-dimensional rational \(G\)-module such that the \(T\)-weights of \(N\) lie in an open half-space of \(X\otimes_{\mathbb Z}{\mathbb Q}\). The \(T\)-weights of \(N\) form a finite multiset \(\Psi\) in \(X\). Associated to \(\Psi\), the author introduces a generalization of Lusztig's \(q\)-polynomials. Here one makes use of a generalized Kostant partition function that counts the multiplicity of a weight in a symmetric power \(S^j(N)\). By obtaining a vanishing theorem on line bundle cohomology for \(G\times_{P} N\), the author determines some conditions under which the coefficients of the generalized \(m_{\lambda}^{\mu}(q)\) are non-negative. Next, the author focuses on the special case that \(\Psi\) is the set of short positive roots (in a non-simply laced root system). Here the author obtains a precise determination of when the coefficients are non-negative. This extends work of \textit{A. Broer} [Invent. Math. 113, 1--20 (1993; Zbl 0807.14043)]. Lastly, the author introduces the notion of ``short'' Hall-Littlewood polynomials \(P_{\lambda}(q)\) (for a dominant weight \(\lambda\)) and deduces a number of basic properties. Considering all roots to be short in the simply-laced case, the results generalize the work of \textit{R. Gupta} [J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 36, No. 1--2, 68--76 (1987; Zbl 0649.17009)], [Bull. Am. Math. Soc., New Ser. 16, 287--291 (1987; Zbl 0648.22011)]. In particular, let \(\chi_{\lambda}\) denote the character of the simple \(G\)-module with highest weight \(\lambda\). Then, it is shown that \(\chi_{\lambda} = \sum m_{\lambda}^{\mu}(q)P_{\mu}(q)\) where the sum runs over all dominant weights \(\mu\) (and the \(m_{\lambda}^{\mu}(q)\) correspond to \(\Psi\) being the set of short positive roots).