On the negative spectrum of one-dimensional Schrödinger operators with point interactions (Q989957)

New results are derived for the negative spectrum of the one-dimensional Schrödinger operator when the potential is a sum of delta functions or their derivatives. The operators are self-adjoint extensions \(L_{X,\alpha}\), \(L_{X,\beta}\) of symmetric operators on \(L_2(\mathbb{R})\), \[ -d^2/dx^2+ \sum_{i\in I} \alpha_i\delta(x- x_i), \quad I\subset\mathbb{N},\;X= \{x_i\}_{i\in I}, \tag{i} \] \[ -d^2/dx^2+ \sum_{j\in J} \beta_j\delta'(x- x_j), \quad J\subset\mathbb{Z},\;X= \{x_i\}_{j\in J}, \tag{ii} \] where \(\{x_i\}\) is an increasing bounded sequence in \(\mathbb{R}\). The authors study the dimensions \(K_-\) of the spectral subspaces \(E(-\infty,0) L_2(\mathbb{R})\). Using the technique of boundary triplets and the corresponding Weyl function, for \(L_{X,\alpha}\), they define Jacobi matrices \(S\) in \(l^2(\mathbb{N})\) such that \(K_-(L_{X,\alpha})= K_-(S)\), and then, for \(X= \{x_i\}_{i=1}^n\) and \(X= \{x_i\}^\infty_{i=1}\), sequences \(\gamma\) are found such that \(K_-(S)= K_-(\gamma)+ N_\infty(\gamma)\), where \(N_\infty(\gamma)\) the number of infinite elements. For \(L_{X,\beta}\), \(X= \{x_i\}^\infty_{i=-\infty}\), \(K_-(L_{X,\beta})= \text{Neg}(\beta)\), the number of negative elements in \(\beta\). The research extends results of \textit{S. Albeverio} and \textit{I. Nizhnik} [Lett. Math. Phys. 65, No.~1, 27--35 (2003; Zbl 1056.34093)].