An attempt to differential Galois theory of second order polynomial system and solvable subgroup of Möbius transformations (Q995707)

Galois theory for polynomial equations and solvability of such equations in terms of radicals are well-known. Less known is the differential Galois theory for differential equations (DEs) initiated by Piccard and Vessiot. This theory provides a framework for the solvability of the differential Galois group corresponding to a given DE and the integrability of the equation. Differential Galois theory for linear DEs have proved successful. However, there have been few attempts for nonlinear DEs. This paper endeavors to fill this void. Here, an attempt is made on a second-order polynomial autonomous system in the complex domain. The authors establish the relation between the conformal relativistic differential Galois group and the subgroup of Möbius transformations. It is proved that the system under study is integrable in the Liouvillian sense if its conformal relativistic differential Galois group is solvable with derived length of at most two. It would be of interest to look at differential Galois theory for second-order DEs that are linearizable via a change of variables.