Orbits of parabolic subgroups on metabelian ideals. (Q998967)

The authors give a partial solution to the following problem: when a parabolic subgroup \(P\) of \(\text{GL}_n(\Bbbk)\) acts with a finite number of orbits on the Lie algebra \(\mathfrak q_u\) of the unipotent radical \(Q_u\) of a parabolic group \(Q\supset P\) such that \([\mathfrak q_u,\mathfrak q_u]\) is Abelian? Here \(\Bbbk\) is any algebraically closed field and the action is the adjoint one. More precisely, let \(Fl(\underline e)\) be any flag variety of flags in \(\Bbbk^n\) and let \(P(\underline e)\) be the stabilizer of the standard flag \(0\subset\Bbbk^{e_1}\subset\Bbbk^{e_2}\subset\cdots\subset \Bbbk^{e_{t-1}}\subset\Bbbk^{e_t}=\Bbbk^n\) of signature \(\underline e=\{e_i\}\). Let \(\underline a=(a_1,a_2,a_3)\in\mathbb{Z}^3_{\geq 1}\) be a triple such that \(a_1+a_2+a_3=t\) and let \(Q(\underline a,\underline e)\) be the parabolic subgroup \(P(e_{a_1},e_{a_1+a_2},e_{a_1+a_2+a_3})\) of \(\text{GL}_n(\Bbbk)\). Observe that \(Q(\underline a,\underline e)\) contains \(P(\underline e)\) for each \(\underline a\). The authors classify the triples \(\underline a\) such that \(P(\underline e)\) acts with a finite number of orbits on \(\mathfrak q_u(\underline a,\underline e):=\text{Lie}(R_u(Q(\underline a,\underline e))\) for any \(\underline e\). We remark that in this work it is defined \(\underline e\), but the authors prefer to denote \(P(\underline e)\) by \(P(\mathbf d)\), where \(\mathbf d\) is \(t\)-pla \((e_1,e_2-e_1,\dots,e_i-e_{i-1},\dots,e_t-e_{t-1})\). Utilizing the lexicographic order on the \(\underline a\), one can reduce itself to study a finite number of cases: more precisely the ones in Tables 1 and 2. First, the authors exhibit, for any \(\underline a\) in Table 1, an \(\underline e\) such that \(P(\underline e)\) acts with an infinite number of orbits on \(\mathfrak q_u(\underline a,\underline e)\). The proof is an elementary dimension counting argument. Observe that, given \(\underline a\) as in Table 1, there is not a classification of the \(\underline e\) such that \(P(\underline e)\) acts with a finite number of orbits on \(\mathfrak q_u(\underline a,\underline e)\). The most difficult part of the work is the proof that, for any \(\underline a\) in Table 2, \(P(\underline e)\) acts with a finite number of orbits on \(\mathfrak q_u(\underline a,\underline e)\) for all \(\underline e\). To each \(\underline a\) the authors associate a quiver \(\mathcal Q(\underline a)\) with vertices \(\{1,\dots,t\}\) and an algebra \(\mathcal A(\underline a)\) obtained as a quotient of the path algebra of \(\mathcal Q(\underline a)\). With the same arguments of \textit{Th. Brüstle} and \textit{L. Hille} [J. Algebra 226, No. 1, 347-360 (2000; Zbl 0968.20023)] the authors show that \(\mathcal Q(\underline a)\) is quasi-hereditary and that the isoclasses of \(\Delta\)-filtered \(\mathcal A(\underline a)\)-modules with \(\Delta\)-dimension vector \(\mathbf d\) are in bijective correspondence with the orbits of \(P\) on \(\mathfrak q_u\). They prove also that the category \(\mathcal F(\mathcal A(\underline a),\Delta)\) of \(\Delta\)-filtered \(\mathcal A(\underline a)\)-modules is the full subcategory of \(\mathcal A(\underline a)\)-modules defined by the injectivity of the linear maps associated to some fixed arrows of \(\mathcal Q(\underline a)\). Moreover, such a \(\mathcal A(\underline a)\)-module has \(\Delta\)-dimension vector \(\mathbf d\) if and only if the vector space associated to \(i\) has dimension \(e_i\) for each \(i\). Next, the authors show that, given any \(\underline a\) in Table 2, \(\mathcal A(\underline a)\) has finite \(\Delta\)-representation type by calculating the Auslander-Reiten quiver of \(\mathcal F(\mathcal A(\underline a),\Delta)\). They use standard methods as explained by \textit{M. Auslander, I. Reiten} and \textit{S. O. Smalø} [Representation theory of Artin algebras. Cambridge Studies in Advanced Mathematics. 36. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1995; Zbl 0834.16001)] and \textit{C. M. Ringel} [Tame algebras and integral quadratic forms. Lect. Notes Math. 1099. Berlin: Springer-Verlag (1984; Zbl 0546.16013)]. They give the Auslander-Reiten quivers so obtained in Appendix A. Finally, the authors prove that one can reduce itself to study the triples \(\underline a\) in Tables 1 and 2. Indeed, if \(\underline a'\leq\underline a\), then there is an embedding of \(\mathcal F(\mathcal A(\underline a'),\Delta)\) in \(\mathcal F(\mathcal A(\underline a),\Delta)\). Thus, if there are finitely many \(P(\underline e)\)-orbits in \(\mathfrak q_u(\underline a,\underline e)\) for all \(\underline e\), then there are finitely many \(P(\underline e')\)-orbits in \(\mathfrak q_u(\underline a',\underline e')\) for all \(\underline e'\).