Ladder operators for bivariate generalized classical symmetric orthogonal polynomials

DOI10.1016/J.JMAA.2025.130207MaRDI QIDQ6889566zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Gema Alhama, Misael E. Marriaga, Miguel A. Piñar

Publication date 4 December 2025

Published in Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMAA.2025.130207

classical generalized bivariate polynomials multivariate orthogonal polynomials symmetric polynomials

Symmetric functions and generalizations (05E05) Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Other special orthogonal polynomials and functions (33C47) Orthogonal functions and polynomials, general theory of nontrigonometric harmonic analysis (42C05)

Review text

This paper focuses on bivariate symmetric orthogonal polynomials associated with the weight\N\[\NW_{\gamma}(x,y)=\omega(x)\omega(y)|x-y|^{2\gamma+1},\quad x,y\in(a,b),\N\]\Nwhere \(\gamma>-1\) and \(\omega(x)\) represents a classical weight (Hermite, Laguerre, or Jacobi). Such a weight is a special case (\(d=2\)) of the general weight function\N\[\NB_{\gamma}(\textrm{x})=\prod_{i=1}^{d}\omega(x_i) \prod_{i<j}|x_i-x_j|^{2\gamma+1},\quad \textrm{x}\in(a,b)^d,\N\]\Nwhere \(\textrm{x}=\left(x_1,x_2,\dots,x_d\right)\). In this case, the corresponding multivariable orthogonal polynomials are eigenfunctions of the partial differential operator\N\[\N\mathcal{H}_{\gamma}=\sum_{i=1}^{d}\left(L_i+ (2\gamma+1)\sum_{k\ne i}\frac{\phi(x_i)}{x_i-x_k}\partial x_i\right),\N\]\Nwhere \(L_i=\phi(x_i)\partial^2 x_i+\psi(x_i)\partial x_i\) is the classical second-order operator in the variable \(x_i\).\N\N\textit{C. F. Bracciali} and \textit{M. A. Piñar} [Numer. Algorithms 92, No. 1, 183--206 (2023; Zbl 07644388)] have shown that the change of variables\N\[\N\textrm{x}=\left(x_1,x_2,\dots,x_d\right) \mapsto \textrm{u}=\left(u_1,u_2,\dots,u_d\right),\N\]\Nwhere the \({u}_r\)'s are the \(r\)-th elementary symmetric functions defined by\N\[\Nu_r=\sum_{1\leqslant k_1<k_2<\dots<k_r\leqslant d} x_{k_1}x_{k_2}\dots x_{k_r}, \quad 1\leqslant r\leqslant d,\N\]\Nconverts \(\mathcal{H}_{\gamma}\) into a second-order differential operator with polynomial coefficients of degree at most~2 in terms of \(\textrm{u}\), having multivariate orthogonal polynomials (given in terms of Casorati determinants of classical orthogonal polynomials in one variable) as eigenfunctions. In the case \(d=2\), this framework recovers Koornwinder's construction. The resulting polynomials are common eigenfunctions of two differential operators of orders~2 and~4.\N\NThe authors of the present paper extend the theory of ladder operators from univariate classical orthogonal polynomials to the bivariate symmetric setting, showing how parameter shifts and degree shifts interact, and characterizing the resulting differential operator algebra.

Cites work

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Generalized symmetric Zernike polynomials

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