Left 3-Engel elements in groups of exponent 5.
An element \(a\) of a group \(G\) is called left \(3\)-Engel if \([x,a,a,a]=1\) for all \(x\in G\) or equivalently \(\langle a,a^x\rangle\) is nilpotent of class at most \(2\) for all \(x\in G\). The main question about left \(3\)-Engel elements is the following Question. Does every left \(3\)-Engel element of a group lie in the Hirsch-Plotkin radical of the group? The author of the paper under review starts a systematic approach to the latter question. It is observed that a left \(3\)-Engel element \(a\) of a group \(G\) lies in the Hirsch-Plotkin radical of \(G\) if and only if \(K(a,n)=\langle a,a^{g_1},a^{g_2},\ldots,a^{g_n}\rangle\) is nilpotent for all \(n\) and all elements \(g_1,\ldots,g_n\). Let \(a\) be a left \(3\)-Engel element. Then the group \(K(a,n)\) has the property that \(\langle x,y^g\rangle\) is nilpotent of class at most \(2\) for all \(x,y\in\{a,a^{g_1},\ldots,a^{g_n}\}\) and all \(g\in G\). This is the motivation for the definition of sandwich groups: a group \(K\) is called a sandwich group if \(K=\langle X\rangle\) and \(\langle x,y^g\rangle\) is nilpotent of class at most \(2\) for all \(x,y\in X\) and \(g\in K\). The author proves that \(3\)-generated sandwich groups are nilpotent of class at most \(5\). The author first considers certain groups generated by three elements \(a,b,c\) such that \(\langle a,b\rangle\), \(\langle a,c\rangle\) and \(\langle b,c\rangle\) are nilpotent of classes \(r\), \(s\), \(t\), respectively. The latter groups are called of type \((r,s,t)\). The structure of the free group of type \((1,2,2)\) is completely determined by giving a power-commutator presentation. Next the structure of the free group of latter type with the extra condition that \(c\) is a left \(3\)-Engel element is determined. Then, the structure of the free group of type \((1,2,3)\) with extra conditions that \([b,c,c]=1\) and \(c\) is left \(3\)-Engel is determined. The proofs consist of tedious commutator calculus, however the author has tried to do the minimum works needed and I think he has succeeded to do so. One of the main results of the paper under review is the following: A left \(3\)-Engel element in a group of exponent \(5\) belongs to the Hirsch-Plotkin radical of the group. This is proved by the information obtained on the free 3-generator sandwich group and using similar techniques as in [\textit{M. Vaughan-Lee}, Proc. Lond. Math. Soc., III. Ser. 74, No. 2, 306-334 (1997; Zbl 0869.20027)]. Proving the nilpotency of the groups mentioned above has been done carefully by hand calculation. The next thing is to find ``good presentations of these nilpotent groups to play with them. The author finds these by hand calculation again; however they can be done by NQ package in {\mathsf GAP}.
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- Engel-4 Groups of Exponent 5
- Engelsche Elemente Noetherscher Gruppen
- Groups that are Pairwise Nilpotent
- Infinite Burnside groups of even exponent
- Left 3-Engel elements in groups.
- On the right and left 4-Engel elements.
- Refined solvable presentations for polycyclic groups.
- Solution of the restricted Burnside problem for 2-groups
- SOLUTION OF THE RESTRICTED BURNSIDE PROBLEM FOR GROUPS OF ODD EXPONENT
- The Engel elements of a soluble group
- THE FREE BURNSIDE GROUPS OF SUFFICIENTLY LARGE EXPONENTS
- Left 3-Engel elements in groups.
- A left 3-Engel element whose normal closure is not nilpotent
- On groups with cubic polynomial conditions.
- Engel-4 Groups of Exponent 5
- Left 3-Engel elements in groups of exponent 60
- Left 3-Engel elements of odd order in groups
- Left 3-Engel elements in locally finite 2-groups
- Locally finite p-groups with a left 3-Engel element whose normal closure is not nilpotent
- Left \(3\)-Engel elements in groups: a survey
- Powerful \(3\)-Engel groups
- Sandwich groups and (strong) left 3-Engel elements in groups
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