Limit shape of random convex polygonal lines: even more universality

DOI10.1016/J.JCTA.2014.07.005MaRDI QIDQ406581zbMATH OpenOpenAlexDBLPWikidataFDO

Authors Leonid V. Bogachev

Publication date 8 September 2014

Published in Journal of Combinatorial Theory. Series A (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1111.3529

zbMATH Keywords

convex lattice polygonal linecumulantsgenerating functionlimit shapelocal limit theoremmultiplicative measuresMöbius inversion formula

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Random convex sets and integral geometry (aspects of convex geometry) (52A22) Geometric probability and stochastic geometry (60D05)

Abstract: The paper concerns the limit shape (under some probability measure) of convex polygonal lines with vertices on $mathbb{Z}_{+}^2$, starting at the origin and with the right endpoint $n=(n_1,n_2)oinfty$. In the case of the uniform measure, an explicit limit shape $gamm{a}^{\ast }:=(x_1,x_2)inmathbb{R}_{+}^{2}colonsqrt1-x_1+sqrt{x}_2=1$ was found independently by Vershik (1994), B'ar'any (1995), and Sinai (1994). Recently, Bogachev and Zarbaliev (2011) proved that the limit shape $gamm{a}^{\ast }$ is universal for a certain parametric family of multiplicative probability measures generalizing the uniform distribution. In the present work, the universality result is extended to a much wider class of multiplicative measures, including (but not limited to) analogs of the three meta-types of decomposable combinatorial structures -- multisets, selections and assemblies. This result is in sharp contrast with the one-dimensional case where the limit shape of Young diagrams associated with integer partitions heavily depends on the distributional type.

Review text

A convex lattice polygonal line \(\Gamma\) is a piecewise linear continuous path on the plane starting at the origin, with vertices on the two-dimensional integer lattice \(\mathbb Z^2\) and such that the inclination of its consecutive edges is strictly increasing, staying between 0 and \(\pi/2\). Let \(\Pi\) be the set of all convex lattice polygonal lines with finitely many edges, and denote by \(\Pi_n\subset \Pi\) the subset of polygonal lines \(\Gamma\in \Pi\) with the right endpoint \(\xi_{\Gamma}= (\xi_1, \xi_2)\) fixed at \(n=(n_1, n_2)\in \mathbb Z_+^2=\{(k_1, k_2)\in \mathbb Z^2: k_j\geq 0\}\). If each space \(\Pi_n\) is endowed with a probability measure \(P_n\), then one can speak of random polygonal lines, and it is of interest to study their asymptotic statistics as \(n\to \infty\). The limit shape of random polygonal lines, whenever it exists, is defined as a planar curve \(\gamma^*\) such that, for any \(\varepsilon>0\), \(\lim_{n\to \infty} P_n\{\Gamma\in \Pi_n: d(\widetilde{\Gamma}_n, \gamma^*)\leq \varepsilon\}=1\), where \(\widetilde{\Gamma}_n= s_n(\Gamma)\), with a suitable scaling transform \(s_n:\, \mathbb R^2 \to\mathbb R^2\), and \(d(\cdot, \cdot)\) is some metric on the path space, for instance induced by the Hausdorff distance between compact sets. The limit space can depend on the family of probability laws \(P_n\). NEWLINENEWLINEWith respect to the uniform distribution on \(\Pi_n\), the problem was solved independently by \textit{A. M. Vershik} [Funct. Anal. Appl. 28, No. 1, 13--20 (1994); translation from Funkts. Anal. Prilozh. 28, No. 1, 16--25 (1994; Zbl 0848.52004)], \textit{I. Bárány} [Discrete Comput. Geom. 13, No. 3--4, 279--295 (1995; Zbl 0824.52001)] and \textit{Ya. G. Sinai} [Funct. Anal. Appl. 28, No. 2, 108--113 (1994); translation from Funkts. Anal. Prilozh. 28, No. 2, 41--48 (1994; Zbl 0832.60099)], who showed that under the natural scaling \(s_n: (x_1, x_2)\mapsto (n_1^{-1} x_1, n_2^{-1} x_2)\), \(n=(n_1, n_2)\), \(n_1>0\), \(n_2>0\), and with respect to the Hausdorff metric \(d_{{\mathcal H}}\), the limit shape \(\gamma^*\) is given by a parabola arc \(\sqrt{1- x_1} + \sqrt{x_2} =1\), \(0\leq x_1, x_2\leq 1\). Recently, the author and \textit{S. M. Zarbaliev} [Ann. Probab. 39, No. 6, 2271--2317 (2011; Zbl 1242.52007)] considered the limit shape problem for a more general class of multiplicative measures \(\{P_n\}\) (see also the author and \textit{S. M. Zarbaliev} [Dokl. Math. 79, No. 2, 197--202 (2009); translation from Dokl. Akad. Nauk, Ross. Akad. Nauk 425, No. 3, 299--304 (2009; Zbl 1177.82059)]). NEWLINENEWLINEThe goal of the present paper is to show that the limit shape \(\gamma^*\) given by the parabolic arc is universal in a much wider class of multiplicative probability measures \(\{P_n\}\). The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In Section 2 the families of probability measures are defined. In Section 3, suitable values of the parameter are chosen which implies convergence of expected polygonal lines to the limit curve \(\gamma^*\). In Section 4 higher-order moment sums are analyzed. Section 5 is devoted to the proof of the local limit theorem and the limit shape results.

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Cited in

(10)

• Large deviations in the geometry of convex lattice polygons
• Approximation of convex functions by random polygonal lines
• Asymptotics of convex lattice polygonal lines with a constrained number of vertices
• The limit shape of convex lattice polygons
• Probabilistic approach to the analysis of statistics for convex polygonal lines
• On the number of rational points on a strictly convex curve
• Asymptotics of random convex polygons
• When are Touchpoints Limits for Generalized Polya URNS?
• Universality of the limit shape of convex lattice polygonal lines
• A proof of the Vershik-Prohorov conjecture on the universality of the limit shape for a class of random polygonal lines

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