Linear difference equations with transition points
Two linearly independent asymptotic solutions are constructed for the second-order linear difference equation \[ y_{n+1}(x)-(A_nx +B_n)y_n(x)+y_{n-1}(x)=0, \] where \(A_n\) and \(B_n\) have power series expansions of the form \[ A_n \sim\sum^\infty_{s=0}\frac {\alpha_s} {n^s},\qquad B_n\sim\sum^\infty_{s=0}\frac {\beta_s} {n^s} \] with \(\alpha_0\neq 0\). The results hold uniformly for \(x\) in an infinite interval containing the transition point \(x_+\) given by \(\alpha_0 x_++\beta_0=2\). As an illustration, the authors present an asymptotic expansion for the monic polynomials \(\pi_n(x)\) which are orthogonal with respect to the modified Jacobi weight \(w(x)=(1-x)^\alpha(1+ x)^\beta h(x)\), \(x\in(-1,1)\), where \(\alpha,\beta>-1\) and \(h\) is real analytic and strictly positive on \([-1,1]\).
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