Uniform Asymptotic Formula for Orthogonal Polynomials with Exponential Weight
The authors prove an asymptotic formula for the orthonormal polynomials \(\{p_n(x)\}_{n=0}^{\infty}\) on the real line, connected with the weight \[ w(x)=e^{-v(x)},\;v(x)=\sum_{k=0}^m v_kx^{2k}, \] with \(v_m=1,\;m\geq 2\) and \(v(x)\) convex. The asymptotic formula for \(n\rightarrow\infty\) holds uniformly in \(x\) on \(0\leq x\leq O(n^{1/2m)})\). Furthermore a three term asymptotic expansion is derived for the zeros \(x_{n,n}<x_{n,n-1}<\cdots <x_{n,1}\) of \(p_n(x)\). As a corollary they prove the conjecture due to \textit{Y. Chen} and \textit{M. Ismail} [J. Phys. A, Math. Gen. 30, No. 22, 7818-7829 (1997; Zbl 0927.33011)] on the value of the \(k\)th zero (\(k\geq 2\)) \[ x_{n,k}\approx \sqrt{4a_n^2+2a_n/A_n(2a_n)}-i_k\left({2a_n \over 6A_n^2(2a_n)}\right)^{1/3}, \] where \(i_k\) is the \(k\)th positive zero of Airy's function, \(a_n\) is the coefficient from the recurrence relation \(xp_n(x)= a_{n+1}p_{n+1}(x)+a_np_{n-1}(x)\) and \[ A_n(x)=a_n\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} {v'(x)-v'(y)\over x-y}p_n^2(y)w(y)dy. \] Finally they treat the case \(v(x)=x^{2m}\) explicitly. The paper contains very interesting results, derived with the aid of `hard analysis'. It surely merits a better layout then given here: finding explicitly what the results are and what really is happening, is not simple in this nearly 40 pages long `flow of formulae'.
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