Linearization of isometric embedding on Banach spaces

DOI10.4064/SM8036-12-2015MaRDI QIDQ2787141zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Zihou Zhang, Chunyan Liu, Yu Zhou

Publication date 24 February 2016

Published in Studia Mathematica (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.4064/sm8036-12-2015

zbMATH Keywords

Banach space Figiel operator isometry linearly isometric right inverse

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Isometric theory of Banach spaces (46B04) Geometry and structure of normed linear spaces (46B20)

Review text

Let \(X\) and \(Y\) be Banach spaces, and let \(f: X\rightarrow Y\) be a standard isometry, i.e., \(\|f(x)-f(y)\|=\|x-y\|\) for all \(x\) and \(y\) in \(X\) and \(f(0)=0\). A theorem due to Figiel formulates the existence and uniqueness of a norm \(1\) bounded linear operator \(T: \overline{\text{span}}(f(X)) \rightarrow X\) such that \(T\circ f=\operatorname{Id}_X\). This operator is called the Figiel operator. Work done by \textit{G. Godefroy} and \textit{N. J. Kalton} [Stud. Math. 159, No. 1, 121--141 (2003; Zbl 1059.46058)] shows that for a separable Banach space \(X\), the Figiel operator \(T\) has a linear isometric right inverse. However, there are pairs of Banach spaces \((X,Y)\) such that \(X\) can be isometrically embedded into \(Y\) without being linearly isomorphic to a subspace of \(Y\).NEWLINENEWLINEInspired by these results, the authors answer the following two problems for a standard isometry \(f:X\rightarrow Y\). {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize} \item[1.] Find necessary and sufficient conditions for the Figiel operator \(T\) of \(f\) to admit a linear isometric right inverse \(S:X \rightarrow \overline{\text{span}}(f(X))\).\item [2.] Identify classes of non-separable Banach spaces \(Y\) with the property that \(T\) admits a linear isometric right inverse \(S\). NEWLINENEWLINE\end{itemize}} The main results in the paper are the following theorems:NEWLINENEWLINE {Theorem 2.1.} Let \(X\) and \(Y\) be Banach spaces. Let \(f: X\rightarrow Y\) be a standard isometry and \(T: \overline{\text{span}}(f(X)) \rightarrow X\) be the Figiel operator of \(f\).{\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize} \item[(I)] If there exists a linear isometry \(S:X \rightarrow \overline{\text{span}}(f(X))\) such that \(T\circ S=\operatorname{Id}_X,\) then \(T^*\circ S^*: \overline{\text{span}}(f(X))^* \rightarrow T^*(X^*)\) is a \(w^*\)-to-\(w^*\) continuous projections with \(\|T^*\circ S^*\|=1\).\item [(II)] If there exists a \(w^*\)-to-\(w^*\) continuous projection \(P:\overline{\text{span}}(f(X))^* \rightarrow T^*(X^*)\) with \(\|P\|=1,\) then there exists a unique linear isometric right inverse \(S:X \rightarrow \overline{\text{span}}(f(X))\) of \(T\) such that \(T\circ S=\operatorname{Id}_X\) and \(P=T^*\circ S^*\).NEWLINENEWLINE\end{itemize}} A Banach space is said to be (resp., weakly) nearly strictly convex if, given \(x^* \in X^*\) with \(\|x^*\|=1\), the set \(\{ x \in X: \|x\|=1, \, x^*(x)=1\}\) is (resp., weakly) compact.NEWLINENEWLINE {Theorem 2.6.} Let \(X\) and \(Y\) be Banach spaces. Let \(f: X\rightarrow Y\) be a standard isometry and \(T: \overline{\text{span}}(f(X)) \rightarrow X\) be the Figiel operator of \(f\). If \(\overline{\text{span}}(f(X))\) is a weakly nearly strictly convex space, then there exists a linear isometry \(S:X \rightarrow \overline{\text{span}}(f(X))\) such that \(T\circ S=\operatorname{Id}_X\).

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