Linearized polynomial maps over finite fields

DOI10.1016/J.JALGEBRA.2013.10.013MaRDI QIDQ397866zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 12 August 2014

Published in Journal of Algebra (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1201.1137

affine space group of polynomial automorphisms group of tame automorphisms linearized polynomial polynomials over finite fields

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Polynomials over finite fields (11T06) Polynomial rings and ideals; rings of integer-valued polynomials (13F20) Rational and birational maps (14E05) Affine spaces (automorphisms, embeddings, exotic structures, cancellation problem) (14R10) Jacobian problem (14R15)

Abstract: We consider polynomial maps described by so-called "(multivariate) linearized polynomials". These polynomials are defined using a fixed prime power, say q. Linearized polynomials have no mixed terms. Considering invertible polynomial maps without mixed terms over a characteristic zero field, we will only obtain (up to a linear transformation of the variables) triangular maps, which are the most basic examples of polynomial automorphisms. However, over the finite field F_q automorphisms defined by linearized polynomials have (in general) an entirely different structure. Namely, we will show that the linearized polynomial maps over F_q are in one-to-one correspondence with matrices having coefficients in a univariate polynomial ring over F_q. Furthermore, composition of polynomial maps translates to matrix multiplication, implying that invertible linearized polynomial maps correspond to invertible matrices. This alternate description of the linearized polynomial automorphism subgroup leads to the solution of many famous conjectures (most notably, the Jacobian Conjecture) for this kind of polynomials and polynomial maps.

Review text

Let \(F\) be a finite field. A polynomial \(P\in F[X_1,\dots,X_n]\) s called linearized if the induced map \(K^n\longrightarrow K\) is \(F\)-linear for every extension \(K/F\). In this paper, the author studies the properties of linearized polynomials and maps \(K^n\longrightarrow K^n\) defined by an \(n\)-tuple of such polynomials (linearized maps). He starts with the observation that the set of all linearized polynomials is linearly generated by monomials \(X_i^{p^m}\) (\(i=1,2,\dots,n; m=0,1,\dots\)) (Proposition 3.2), and shows that linearized maps are in a one-to-one correspondence with matrices over \(F[X]\) (Remark 3.5). It is shown moreover that an analogue of the Jacobian Conjecture can be established for linearized maps (Corollary 4.1), and all such invertible maps are tame (Theorem 4.3). Corollary 4.5 shows that every linearized polynomial is a coordinate of an invertible map, in Corollary 4.10 it is proved that if \(I\) is an ideal of \(F[X]\) generated by linearized polynomials, then \(F[X]/I\) is a finitely generated \(F\)-algebra if and only if is is a domain, and in Corollary 4.18 an analogue of the Linearization Conjecture is established for linearized maps. In the final section the author considers polynomials without mixed terms and maps defined by them, and shows the truth of the Jacobian Conjecture for such maps.

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