Local compactness in free topological groups
Given a Tikhonov space \(X\) let \(F(X)\) [\(A(X)\)] be the free [abelian] topological group over \(X\). For every positive integer \(n\) the set \(F_n(X)\) [\(A_n(X)\)] is the subset of \(F(X)\) [\(A(X)\)] consisting of the words having reduced length \(\leq n\) with respect to \(X\). The authors continue the investigations of Pestov and Yamada [see \textit{V.G. Pestov} and \textit{K. Yamada}, Topology Appl. 98, 291--301 (1999; Zbl 0973.54034) and \textit{K. Yamada}, Glas. Math., Ser. III 31, 83--91 (1996; Zbl 0852.22004)] on the relationship between topological properties (such as being locally compact or being of pointwise countable type) of the finite level sets \(F_n(X)\), respectively, \(A_n(X)\) and topological properties of the space \(X\). The main results of the paper are reproduced in the following characterization theorems: Theorem 1. The following conditions are equivalent for a space \(X\): (a) \(F_4(X)\) is a space of pointwise countable type. (b) \(F_4(X)\) is locally compact. (c) \(F_n(X)\) is a space of pointwise countable type for each positive integer \(n\). (d) \(F_n(X)\) is locally compact for each positive integer \(n\). (e) The space \(X\) is either compact or discrete. Theorem 2. The following conditions are equivalent for a space \(X\): (a) \(F_2(X)\) is locally compact. (b) \(A_2(X)\) is locally compact. (c) \(A_n(X)\) is locally compact for each positive integer \(n\). (d) \(X\) is homeomorphic to the topological sum of a compact space and a discrete space. Theorem 3. The following conditions are equivalent for a space \(X\): (a) \(F_2(X)\) has pointwise countable type. (b) \(A_2(X)\) has pointwise countable type. (c) \(A_n(X)\) has pointwise countable type for each positive integer \(n\). (d) \(X\) contains a compact set \(C\) such that the derived set \(X'\) is contained in \(C\) and \(\chi(C,X)\leq\omega\).
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