Local discontinuous Galerkin method for nonlinear time-space fractional subdiffusion/superdiffusion equations

Fractional partial differential equations (35R11) Finite element, Rayleigh-Ritz and Galerkin methods for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs (65M60)

Review text

Summary: Fractional partial differential equations with time-space fractional derivatives describe some important physical phenomena. For example, the subdiffusion equation (time order \(0<\alpha<1\)) is more suitable to describe the phenomena of charge carrier transport in amorphous semiconductors, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) diffusometry in percolative, Rouse, or reptation dynamics in polymeric systems, the diffusion of a scalar tracer in an array of convection rolls, or the dynamics of a bead in a polymeric network, and so on. However, the superdiffusion case \((1<\alpha<2)\) is more accurate to depict the special domains of rotating flows, collective slip diffusion on solid surfaces, layered velocity fields, Richardson turbulent diffusion, bulk-surface exchange controlled dynamics in porous glasses, the transport in micelle systems and heterogeneous rocks, quantum optics, single molecule spectroscopy, the transport in turbulent plasma, bacterial motion, and even for the flight of an albatross (for more physical applications of fractional sub-super diffusion equations, one can see Metzler and Klafter in 2000). In this work, we establish two fully discrete numerical schemes for solving a class of nonlinear time-space fractional subdiffusion/superdiffusion equations by using backward Euler difference \((1 < \alpha < 2)\) or second-order central difference \((1 < \alpha < 2)\)/local discontinuous Galerkin finite element mixed method. By introducing the mathematical induction method, we show the concrete analysis for the stability and the convergence rate under the \(L^2\) norm of the two LDG schemes. In the end, we adopt several numerical experiments to validate the proposed model and demonstrate the features of the two numerical schemes, such as the optimal convergence rate in space direction is close to \(\mathcal{O}(h^{k + 1})\). The convergence rate in time direction can arrive at \(\mathcal{O}(\tau^{2 - \alpha})\) when the fractional derivative is \(0<\alpha<1\). If the fractional derivative parameter is \(1<\alpha<2\) and we choose the relationship as \(h= C^\prime\tau\) (\(h\) denotes the space step size, \( C^\prime\) is a constant, and \(\tau\) is the time step size), then the time convergence rate can reach to \(\mathcal{O}(\tau^{3 - \alpha})\). The experiment results illustrate that the proposed method is effective in solving nonlinear time-space fractional subdiffusion/superdiffusion equations.

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