Local uniqueness for vortex patch problem in incompressible planar steady flow

DOI10.1016/J.MATPUR.2019.05.011MaRDI QIDQ2334878zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Yuxia Guo, Shuangjie Peng, Shusen Yan, Daomin Cao

Publication date 8 November 2019

Published in Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées. Neuvième Série (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.09863

Euler equation ideal fluid steady planar flow stream function uniqueness of solution vortex patch vortex strength condition

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Boundary value problems for second-order elliptic equations (35J25) Nonlinear elliptic equations (35J60) Euler-Poisson-Darboux equations (35Q05)

Abstract: We investigate a steady planar flow of an ideal fluid in a bounded simple connected domain and focus on the vortex patch problem with prescribed vorticity strength. There are two methods to deal with the existence of solutions for this problem: the vorticity method and the stream function method. A long standing open problem is whether these two entirely different methods result in the same solution. In this paper, we will give a positive answer to this problem by studying the local uniqueness of the solutions. Another result obtained in this paper is that if the domain is convex, then the vortex patch problem has a unique solution.

Review text

The authors consider the steady planar flow of an ideal fluid in a bounded region \(\Omega \) of \(\mathbb{R}^{2}\) and especially the flow whose vorticity \(\omega \) is a constant \(\lambda \) in a region \(\Omega _{\lambda }\) which has \(k\) simply connected components \(\Omega _{\lambda ,j}\) and \(d(x,x_{0,j})\rightarrow 0\) uniformly for all \(x\in \Omega _{\lambda ,j}\) as \(\lambda \rightarrow +\infty \) for some points \(x_{0,j}\in \overline{\Omega }\), \(j=1,\ldots ,k\), while \(\omega =0\) elsewhere. The authors prove that the stream function \(\psi \) of the flow is a solution to the problem \(-\Delta \psi =\lambda \sum_{j=1}^{k}1_{\Omega _{\lambda ,j}}\) in \(\Omega \), with the boundary condition \(\psi =0\) on \(\partial \Omega \). Here the vorticity set \(\Omega _{\lambda ,j}\) is unknown. Observing that \(\Omega _{\lambda ,j}=B_{\delta }(x_{0,j})\cap \{\psi >\widetilde{k}_{i,j}\}\), where \(x_{0,j}\) is the point such that \(d(x,x_{0,j})\rightarrow 0\) for all \(x\in \Omega_{\lambda ,j}\) as \(\lambda \rightarrow +\infty \), and \(\delta >0\) is a fixed small constant, the authors end with the elliptic problem \(-\Delta \psi =\lambda \sum_{j=1}^{k}1_{B_{\delta }(x_{0,j})}1_{\{\psi >\widetilde{k}_{i,j}\}}\) for some large \(\widetilde{k}_{i,j}\) satisfying the following prescribed vortex strength condition \(\lambda \left\vert \Omega _{\lambda,j}\right\vert =\kappa _{j}>0\). The purpose of the paper is to determine necessary conditions on the location of \(x_{0,j}\) such that the last elliptic problem is solvable, and the uniqueness of solutions to this elliptic problem which satisfy the vortex strength condition when it is solvable. From the Green function \(G\) for \(-\Delta \) in \(\Omega \) with zero boundary condition, the authors deduce the Robin function \(\varphi (x)=H(x,x) \), where \(H\) is the regular part of \(G\) and the Kirchhoff-Routh function \(\mathcal{W}(x_{1},\ldots ,x_{k})=-\sum_{i\neq j}^{k}\kappa _{i}\kappa_{j}G(x_{i},x_{j})+\sum_{i=1}^{k}\kappa _{i}^{2}\varphi (x_{i})\), for every integer \(k>0\). The authors first prove that for \(k\) given positive numbers \(\kappa _{j}\), \(j=1,\ldots ,k\), if \(\psi _{\lambda }\) is a solution of the elliptic problem which satisfies the vortex strength condition such that each component of vorticity set \(\Omega _{\lambda ,j}\), \(j=1,\ldots ,k\), shrinks to \(x_{0,j}\in \overline{\Omega }\), as \(\lambda \rightarrow +\infty\), then \(x_{0,j}\in \Omega \), \(j=1,\ldots ,k\), \(x_{0,j}=x_{0,i}\) for \(j=i\) and \(x_{0}=(x_{0,1},\ldots ,x_{0,k})\) is a critical point of \(\mathcal{W}\). The first main result proves that if \(x_{0}\in \Omega ^{k}\) is an isolated critical point of \(\mathcal{W}(x)\), which is non-degenerate, then for large \(\lambda >0\), the elliptic problem together with the vortex strength condition have a unique solution. The second main result proves that if \(\Omega \) is convex, the vortex patch problem with prescribed vorticity strength has a unique solution and \(k=1\) if \(\lambda >0\) is large. For the proofs, the authors mainly apply a blow-up procedure using the diameter \(D_{\lambda ,j}\) of the unknown set \(\Omega _{\lambda ,j}\) and they use Pohozaev's identity and Harnack's inequality.

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