Localization over complex-analytic groupoids and conformal renormalization

(K)-theory and homology; cyclic homology and cohomology (19D55) Index theory (19K56) (K)-theory and operator algebras (including cyclic theory) (46L80) Noncommutative differential geometry (46L87) Pseudogroups and differentiable groupoids (58H05) Two-dimensional field theories, conformal field theories, etc. in quantum mechanics (81T40) Anomalies in quantum field theory (81T50)

Abstract: We present a higher index theorem for a certain class of etale one-dimensional complex-analytic groupoids. The novelty is the use of the local anomaly formula established in a previous paper, which represents the bivariant Chern character of a quasihomomorphism as the chiral anomaly associated to a renormalized non-commutative chiral field theory. In the present situation the geometry is non-metric and the corresponding field theory can be renormalized in a purely conformal way, by exploiting the complex-analytic structure of the groupoid only. The index formula is automatically localized at the automorphism subset of the groupoid and involves a cap-product with the sum of two different cyclic cocycles over the groupoid algebra. The first cocycle is a trace involving a generalization of the Lefschetz numbers to higher-order fixed points. The second cocycle is a non-commutative Todd class, constructed from the modular automorphism group of the algebra.

Review text

The main items are the following: local anomaly formula, conformal renormalization, and index theorem (these are the titles of the subsections). The main statement for the first item says that for \(u\) an invertible element representing a \(K_1\)-theory class of the crossed product \(\mathfrak A\) of the algebra of all compactly supported, smooth functions on the complex plane by an action of a discrete group \(G\) by local conformal transformations, and for any renormalization (that is needed from untraceability) of the low-order graphs of the formal series associated to the gauge potential \(A\) (associated to \(u\) and the restriction of the Dolbeault operator, whose inverse is the Green operator), the anomaly (which is the derivative of the formal series via the Maurer-Cartan from) is a polynomial of degree at most \(2\) in \(A\) which computes the diagonal of the commutative diagram up to a factor \(\sqrt{2 \pi i}\), where the diagonal is just the anomaly (function) from the \(K_1\)-theory group of \(\mathfrak A\) to the periodic cyclic homology group of the group ring \(\mathfrak B\) of \(G\), composed with the Chern character in the bivariant periodic cyclic cohomology for \(\mathfrak A\) and \(\mathfrak B\) (or the pushforward map in \(K\)-theory). The main statement for the second item says that for the conformal renormalization chosen properly, the anomaly is a polynomial of degree one in \(A\), and its component of degree zero is a sum over the isolated fixed points for all elements of a discrete group acting by local conformal transformations on the complex plane, and the component of degree one is an integral over the manifold of non-isolated fixed points. The main theorem for the last item says that for the \(K_1\)-class represented by an invertible element as taken above, the Chern character of its pushforward in \(K_1\) is the periodic cyclic homology class of odd degree given by a cap-product with a trace on the crossed product \(\mathfrak A\) plus the Todd class as a cyclic \(2\)-cocycle over \(\mathfrak A\) both which are associated with the groupoid arising from the crossed product \(\mathfrak A\), and furthermore, for the \(K_0\)-class represented by an idempotent of a matrix algebra over \(\mathfrak A\), the Chern character of its pushforward in \(K_0\) is the periodic cyclic homology class of even degree, given by a cap-product with the trace plus the Todd class. As a source, see \textit{A.\,Connes} and \textit{H.\,Moscovici} [Commun.\ Math.\ Phys.\ 198, No.\,1, 199--246 (1998; Zbl 0940.58005)].

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