Locally finite cycles of linear mappings in countable dimension

Abstract: Let

n

be a positive integer. An

n

-cycle of linear mappings is an

n

-tuple

(u_{1}, d o t s, u_{n})

of linear maps

u_{1} i n m a t h r m H o m (U_{1}, U_{2}), u_{2} i n m a t h r m H o m (U_{2}, U_{3}), d o t s, u_{n} i n m a t h r m H o m (U_{n}, U_{1})

, where

U_{1}, d o t s, U_{n}

are vector spaces over a field. We classify such cycles, up to equivalence, when the spaces

U_{1}, d o t s, U_{n}

have countable dimension and the composite

u_{n} c i r c u_{n - 1} c i r c c d o t s c i r c u_{1}

is locally finite. When

n = 1

, this problem amounts to classifying the reduced locally nilpotent endomorphisms of a countable-dimensional vector space up to similarity, and the known solution involves the so-called Kaplansky invariants of

u

. Here, we extend Kaplansky's results to cycles of arbitrary length. As an application, we prove that if

u_{n} c i r c c d o t s c i r c u_{1}

is locally nilpotent and the

U_{i}

spaces have countable dimension, then there are bases

m a t h b f B_{1}, d o t s, m a t h b f B_{n}

of

U_{1}, d o t s, U_{n}

, respectively, such that, for every

i i n 1, d o t s, n

,

u_{i}

maps every vector of

m a t h b f B_{i}

either to a vector of

m a t h b f B_{i + 1}

or to the zero vector of

U_{i + 1}

(where we convene that

U_{n + 1} = U_{1}

and

m a t h b f B_{n + 1} = m a t h b f B_{1}

).

Review text

Let \(n\) be a positive integer. An \(n\)-cycle of linear mappings is an \(n\)-tuple \(\left(u_1, \ldots, u_n\right)\) of linear maps \(u_1 \in \operatorname{Hom}\left(U_1, U_2\right), u_2 \in\) \(\operatorname{Hom}\left(U_2, U_3\right), \ldots, u_n \in \operatorname{Hom}\left(U_n, U_1\right)\), where \(U_1, \ldots, U_n\) are vector spaces over a field. This paper concerns the classification of such cycles, up to equivalence, when the spaces \(U_1, \ldots, U_n\) have countable dimensions and the composite \(u_n \circ u_{n-1} \circ \cdots \circ u_1\) is locally finite. When \(n=1\), this problem amounts to classifying the reduced locally nilpotent endomorphisms of a countable-dimensional vector space up to similarity, and the known solution involves the so-called Kaplansky invariants of \(u\). Here, the author extends Kaplansky's results to cycles of arbitrary length. As an application, It is proved that if \(u_n \circ \cdots \circ u_1\) is locally nilpotent and the \(U_i\) spaces have countable dimension, then there are bases \(\mathbf{B}_1, \ldots, \mathbf{B}_n\) of \(U_1, \ldots, U_n\), respectively, such that, for every \(i \in \llbracket 1, n \rrbracket, u_i\) maps every vector of \(\mathbf{B}_i\) either to a vector of \(\mathbf{B}_{i+1}\) or to the zero vector of \(U_{i+1}\) (where it is assumed that \(U_{n+1}=U_1\) and \(\left.\mathbf{B}_{n+1}=\mathbf{B}_1\right)\).

Recommendations

Cites work

Cited in

(1)

Counting cycles and finite dimensional \(L^{p}\) norms

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