Maximizing measures for partially hyperbolic systems with compact center leaves

DOI10.1017/S0143385711000757MaRDI QIDQ2908160zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors F. Rodriguez Hertz, R. Ures, M. A. Rodriguez Hertz, Ali Tahzibi

Publication date 4 September 2012

Published in Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1010.3372

Entropy and other invariants, isomorphism, classification in ergodic theory (37A35) Partially hyperbolic systems and dominated splittings (37D30)

Abstract: We obtain the following dichotomy for accessible partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms of 3-dimensional manifolds having compact center leaves: either there is a unique entropy maximizing measure, this measure has the Bernoulli property and its center Lyapunov exponent is 0 or, there is a finite number of entropy maximizing measures, all of them with nonzero center Lyapunov exponent (at least one with negative exponent and one with positive exponent), that are finite extensions of a Bernoulli system. In the first case of the dichotomy we obtain that the system is topologically conjugated to a rotation extension of a hyperbolic system. This implies that the second case of the dichotomy holds for an open and dense set of diffeomorphisms in the hypothesis of our result. As a consequence we obtain an open set of topologically mixing diffeomorphisms having more than one entropy maximizing measure.

Review text

The existence and uniqueness (finiteness) of measures of maximal entropy is an important topic in smooth ergodic theory and is well known for classical hyperbolic dynamical systems. Recently there have been many advances in this direction for systems beyond uniformly hyperbolic ones. In this paper the authors study the corresponding properties of some partially hyperbolic systems and get many interesting results.NEWLINENEWLINEMore precisely, let \(M\) be a closed 3-dimensional manifold and \(f\in\mathrm{PH}^{1+\alpha}(M)\) be an accessible and dynamical coherent partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism with compact center leaves. As noticed by the authors, the existence of measures of maximal entropy is already known in this case. See also the very recently work of \textit{L. Gang}, \textit{M. Viana} and \textit{J. Yang} [``Entropy conjecture for diffeomorphisms away from tangencies, Preprint, \url{arXiv:1012.0514}], where it is proved that the entropy map is upper semi-continuous for all maps far from homoclinic tangency. They provided a very short proof of the existence with different flavors. Then the authors show the following interesting dichotomy:NEWLINENEWLINE(1) either there is only one such measure (say \(\mu\)): then the central Lyapunov exponent of \(\mu\) must be zero, and \((f,\mu)\) is topologically conjugate to an isometric extension of a Bernoulli shift;NEWLINENEWLINE(2) or there are more than one such measures (say \(\mu_i\), \(i=1,\dots,k\)): then every \(\mu_i\) is a hyperbolic measure and the finite extension of a Bernoulli shift. Moreover at least one \(\mu_i\) has negative central Lyapunov exponent, and at least one \(\mu_j\) has positive central Lyapunov exponent.NEWLINENEWLINEThen observing that the first alternative excludes the existence of any hyperbolic periodic points, whose complement is \(C^1\)-open and \(C^\infty\)-dense, they conclude that the second alternative happens open-and-densely among their systems. As pointed out in Remark 2, their methods can also be applied to similar systems on manifolds of any dimension.NEWLINENEWLINEThey also obtain some interesting results about 3-D nilmanifolds. For example, they show that any partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism on a 3-D nilmanifold satisfies all the conditions and hence their dichotomy.

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