Maximum amplification of enstrophy in three-dimensional Navier-Stokes flows

DOI10.1017/JFM.2020.204MaRDI QIDQ4961108zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Di Kang, Dong-fang Yun, Bartosz Protas

Publication date 27 April 2020

Published in Journal of Fluid Mechanics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.00041

zbMATH Keywords

Navier-Stokes equationsvariational methodsvortex interactions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible viscous fluids (76D05) Viscous vortex flows (76D17) Variational methods applied to problems in fluid mechanics (76M30)

Abstract: This investigation concerns a systematic search for potentially singular behavior in 3D Navier-Stokes flows. Enstrophy serves as a convenient indicator of the regularity of solutions to the Navier Stokes system --- as long as this quantity remains finite, the solutions are guaranteed to be smooth and satisfy the equations in the classical (pointwise) sense. However, there are no estimates available with finite a priori bounds on the growth of enstrophy and hence the regularity problem for the 3D Navier-Stokes system remains open. In order to quantify the maximum possible growth of enstrophy, we consider a family of PDE optimization problems in which initial conditions with prescribed enstrophy $mathcal{E}_0$ are sought such that the enstrophy in the resulting Navier-Stokes flow is maximized at some time $T$. Such problems are solved computationally using a large-scale adjoint-based gradient approach derived in the continuous setting. By solving these problems for a broad range of values of $mathcal{E}_0$ and $T$, we demonstrate that the maximum growth of enstrophy is in fact finite and scales in proportion to $mathcal{E}_0^{3/2}$ as $mathcal{E}_0$ becomes large. Thus, in such worst-case scenario the enstrophy still remains bounded for all times and there is no evidence for formation of singularity in finite time. We also analyze properties of the Navier-Stokes flows leading to the extreme enstrophy values and show that this behavior is realized by a series of vortex reconnection events.

Recommendations

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• Maximum palinstrophy amplification in the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations
• On maximum enstrophy dissipation in 2D Navier-Stokes flows in the limit of vanishing viscosity
• Extreme vortex states and the growth of enstrophy in three-dimensional incompressible flows
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Cited in

(18)

• Maximum rate of growth of enstrophy in solutions of the fractional Burgers equation
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• On Some Properties of the Curl Operator and Their Consequences for the Navier-Stokes System
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• Velocity gradient analysis of a head-on vortex ring collision
• Viscous and inviscid reconnection of vortex rings on logarithmic lattices
• On vortex stretching for anti-parallel axisymmetric flows
• Extreme vorticity growth in Navier-Stokes turbulence

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