Measure theoretic laws for limsup sets defined by rectangles

In important earlier work by \textit{V. Beresnevich} et al. [Measure theoretic laws for lim sup sets. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS) (2006; Zbl 1129.11031)], a general framework for proving that limsup sets in metric measure spaces are full was provided through so-called ubiquitous systems. Numerous applications of the framework have occurred in both the original paper and many subsequent works of various authors. However, a deficiency of this framework is that it works only for balls, which to a large extent excludes important applications in metric Diophantine approximation. In the present paper, the authors set out to rectify this. For this purpose, they define the notion of a system of sets being ubiquitous for rectangles. By a rectangle in a Cartesian product \(X_1 \times \cdots \times X_d\) of metric measure spaces, centred at a set \(\mathfrak{R} = (\mathfrak{R}_1, \dots,\mathfrak{R}_d)\) and of side lengths \((r_1, \dots, r_d)\), the authors mean a set of the form \[ \Delta(\mathfrak{R}, (r_1,\dots, r_d)) = \prod_{i=1}^d \Delta(\mathfrak{R}_i, r_i), \] where \(\Delta(\mathfrak{R}_i, r_i)\) is an \(r_i\)-neighbourhood of the set \(\mathfrak{R}_i\) in the metric space \(X_i\). The authors provide a set of technical conditions, which are sufficient to conclude that the limsup set of a family of such rectangles is full with respect to the product measure of the measures on each metric measure space \(X_i\). In addition to the main technical framework, the authors provide two applications. The first is concerned with the set of \((x_1, \dots, x_d) \in [0,1]^d\) for which there are infinitely many \(n \in\mathbb{N}\) such that for \(1 \le i \le d\), \[ \vert T_i^n x_i - x_{o,i} \vert < \psi_i(n), \] where \(T_i(x) = b_i x\pmod 1\) for integers \(b_1, \dots , b_d \ge 2\), \((x_{o,1}, \dots, x_{o,d}) \in [0,1]^d\) is fixed and \(\psi_1, \dots, \psi_d: \mathbb{N} \rightarrow\mathbb{R}_+\) are functions. This set is shown to be null or full according to the convergence or divergence of the series \[ \sum_{n=1}^\infty \prod_{i=1}^d \psi_i(n). \] Additionally, the authors provide a weighted version of the classical Khintchine-Groshev theorem on systems of linear forms, which follows from their setup.

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