Mixed variational principles and stabilization of spurious modes in the 9-node element

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The stabilization matrix for the 9-node plane stress element is developed through mixed variational principles. Through suppression of appropriate stresses, the element is constructed so that it exceeds the accuracy of both the underintegrated and fully integrated elements in various structural problems. One layer of elements is generally sufficient to match Euler-Bernoulli beam solutions within less than 1\%; this property is termed flexural superconvergence. Results are given for a variety of problems to demonstrate the effectiveness of this procedure.




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