Modularity of asymptotically optimal towers of function fields

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The Manin function \(a_q(\delta)\)\, gives a relationship between the possible limit values of the rate \(R\) and relative distance \(\delta\) of error-correcting codes over the finite field \(\mathbb F_q\), see \textit{Yu I. Manin} [J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokio 28, 715--720 (1981; Zbl 0527.14021)]. The Gilbert-Varshamov bound \(a_q(\delta)\geq 1-H_q(\delta)\) provides a lower bound on \(a_q(\delta)\). Algebraic-geometric codes allow to improve the G-V bound when \(q\) is a square and \(q\geq 49\). This improvement is related to the value \(A(q)=\limsup(N_q(C)/g(C))\), the limit being taken over all curves \(C\) over \(\mathbb{F}_q\), where \(N_q(C)=\sharp(C(\mathbb{F}_q))\) and \(g\) being the genus of \(C\), see \textit{M. A. Tsfasman} and \textit{S. G. Vladut} [Algebraic-geometric codes (1991; Zbl 0727.94007)]. When \(q\) is a square, then \(A(q)=\sqrt q -1\). Explicit constructions of families of curves such that the limit of \(N_q(C)/g(C)\) approaches the optimal value \(A(q)\) (asymptotically optimal towers) were done by \textit{A. Garcia} and \textit{H. Stichtenoth} [Invent. Math. 121, 211--222 (1995; Zbl 0822.11078)] and other authors. All known recursively defined asymptotically optimal towers are modular (arising from elliptic modular curves, Shimura curves or Drinfeld modular curves) and \textit{N. D. Elkies} conjectured that this is always the case [Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control and Computing, 23--32 (1997)]. The present paper gives a survey of the current state of the problem, the reasons behind Elkies' conjecture and numerical evidence supporting the conjecture. Numerical results were found as a result of computer search in a previous joint work with \textit{H. Maharaj} and \textit{H. Stichtenoth} [Lect. Not. Comput. Sci. 2369, 372--389 (2002; Zbl 1064.11075)]. For the entire collection see [Zbl 1047.94002].











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