Noncommutative plurisubharmonic polynomials. II: Local assumptions
Let \({\mathbb R}\langle x,x^T\rangle\) be the ring of noncommutative polynomials over \(\mathbb R\) in the noncommuting variables \(x_1,\dots,x_g\), \(x_1^T,\dots,x_g^T\). Elements of this ring are called nc polynomials. The variables \(x_j^T\) are formal transposes of the variables \(x_j\). An nc polynomial is called nc analytic if it contains only the variables \(x_j\) and none of the transposed variables \(x_j^T\). An nc polynomial \(p\) is symmetric if \(p^T=p\). If \(p\) is an nc polynomial and \(X=(X_1,\dots,X_g)\in\left({\mathbb R}^{n\times n}\right)^g\), then the evaluation \(p(X,X^T)\) is defined by replacing \(x_j\) by \(X_j\) and \(x_j^T\) by \(X_j^T\). An nc symmetric polynomial \(p\) is matrix positive if \(p(X,X^T)\) is a positive semidefinite matrix when evaluated on every \(X\in\left({\mathbb R}^{n\times n}\right)^g\) for all \(n\geqslant 1\). The nc complex Hessian, \(q(x,x^T)[h,h^T]\), of an nc polynomial \(p\) is the nc polynomial in the \(4g\) variables \(x=(x_1,\dots,x_g)\), \(x^T=(x_1^T,\dots,x_g^T)\), \(h=(h_1,\dots,h_g)\), and \(h^T=(h_1^T,\dots,h_g^T)\) defined by \[ q(x,x^T)[h,h^T]={\partial^2p\over\partial s\partial t}(x+th,y+sk)\bigg|_{t,s=0}\bigg|_{y=x^T,k=h^T}. \] Let \(\mathcal B=\bigcup_{n=1}^\infty{\mathcal B}_n\), where \({\mathcal B}_n\subset\left({\mathbb R}^{n\times n}\right)^g\) for \(n=1,2\dots\) The graded set \(\mathcal B\) respects direct sums if, for each finite set \(\{X^1,\dots,X^t\}\) with \(X^j\in{\mathcal B}_{n_j}\) and \(n=\sum_{j=1}^t n_j\), with repetitions allowed, \(\oplus_{j=1}^t X^j\in{\mathcal B}_n\). A set \({\mathcal G}\subset\bigcup_{n\geqslant 1}\left({\mathbb R}^{n\times n}\right)^g\) is an nc open set if it satisfies the following two conditions: {\parindent=6mm\begin{itemize}\item[(1)] \(\mathcal G\) respects direct sums, \item[(2)] there exists a positive integer \(n_0\) such that, if \(n>n_0\), then the set \({\mathcal G}_n={\mathcal G}\cap \left({\mathbb R}^{n\times n}\right)^g\) is an open set of matrix tuples. \end{itemize}} A symmetric nc polynomial \(p\) is nc plurisubharmonic on an nc open set \(\mathcal G\) if its nc complex Hessian \(q\) is matrix positive for all \(X\in{\mathcal G}\). The paper is devoted to prove the following Theorem. If \(p\) is an nc symmetric polynomial that is nc plurisubharmonic on an open nc set, then its nc complex Hessian \(q\) can be written as \[ q=V(x,x^T)[h,h^T]^TL(x,x^T)DL(x,x^T)^TV(x,x^T)[h,h^T], \] where \(V(x,x^T)[h,h^T]\) is a vector monomial in \(x, x^T, h, h^T\), \(D={\text{diag}}(d_1,\dots,d_{\mathcal N})\) is a positive semidefinite constant real matrix, and \(L(x,x^T)\) is a unit lower triangular matrix with nc polynomial entries. The above theorem is used to prove the following result, which is a local version of the main theorem of [\textit{J. M. Greene, J. W. Helton} and \textit{V. Vinnikov}, J. Funct. Anal. 261, No. 11, 3390--3417 (2011; Zbl 1254.47005)]. Theorem. If an nc symmetric polynomial \(p\) is nc plurisubharmonic on an nc open set, then it is nc plurisubharmonic everywhere and has the form \[ p=\sum f_j^Tf_j+\sum k_jk_j^T+F+F^T, \] where the sums are finite and each \(f_j\), \(k_j\), and \(F\) is nc analytic. For Part I, see [\textit{J. M. Greene}, \textit{J. W. Helton} and \textit{V. Vinnikov}, J. Funct. Anal. 261, No.~11, 3390--3417 (2011; Zbl 1254.47005)].
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