Nonlinear n-term approximation of harmonic functions from shifts of the Newtonian kernel

Inequalities in approximation (Bernstein, Jackson, Nikol'ski?-type inequalities) (41A17) Rate of convergence, degree of approximation (41A25) Function spaces arising in harmonic analysis (42B35) General harmonic expansions, frames (42C15) Nontrigonometric harmonic analysis involving wavelets and other special systems (42C40) Sobolev spaces and other spaces of ``smooth functions, embedding theorems, trace theorems (46E35)

Abstract: A basic building block in Classical Potential Theory is the fundamental solution of the Laplace equation in

{m a t h b b R}^{d}

(Newtonian kernel). The main goal of this article is to study the rates of nonlinear

n

-term approximation of harmonic functions on the unit ball

B^{d}

from shifts of the Newtonian kernel with poles outside

o v e r l i n e B^{d}

in the harmonic Hardy spaces. Optimal rates of approximation are obtained in terms of harmonic Besov spaces. The main vehicle in establishing these results is the construction of highly localized frames for Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces on the sphere whose elements are linear combinations of a fixed number of shifts of the Newtonian kernel.

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