Nonlinear ground state representations and sharp Hardy inequalities
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Abstract: We determine the sharp constant in the Hardy inequality for fractional Sobolev spaces. To do so, we develop a non-linear and non-local version of the ground state representation, which even yields a remainder term. From the sharp Hardy inequality we deduce the sharp constant in a Sobolev embedding which is optimal in the Lorentz scale. In the appendix, we characterize the cases of equality in the rearrangement inequality in fractional Sobolev spaces.
The authors determine the optimal constant \(\mathcal C_{N,s,p}\) in the fractional Hardy inequality \[ \iint_{\mathbb R^N\times\mathbb R^N} \frac{|u(x)-u(y)|^p}{|x-y|^{N+ps}}\,dx\,dy \geq{\mathcal C}_{N,s,p} \int_{\mathbb R^N} \frac{|u(x)|^p}{|x|^{ps}}\, dx \tag{1} \] (\(N\in\mathbb N\), \(0<s<1\)), where \(u\) belongs to the homogeneous Sobolev space \(\dot{W}^s_p(\mathbb R^n)\) in the case \(1\leq p\leq N/s\), or it belongs to \(\dot{W}^s_p(\mathbb R^N\setminus\{0\})\) when \(p>N/s\) (these spaces are defined as completions of \(C^\infty_0(\mathbb R^N)\) or \(C^\infty_0(\mathbb R^N\setminus\{0\})\), with regards to the left-hand side of (1)), respectively. To do so, they develop a nonlinear and non-local version of the ground state representation which even yields a reminder term in inequality (1). The result enables to extend results from recent papers of \textit{J. Bourgain, H. Brézis} and \textit{P. Mironescu} [``Another look at Sobolev spaces, Optimal control and partial differential equations. In honour of Professor Alain Bensoussan's 60th birthday. Proceedings of the conference, Paris, France, December 4, 2000. Amsterdam: IOS Press; Tokyo: Ohmsha. 439--455 (2001; Zbl 1103.46310); J. Anal. Math. 87, 77--101 (2002; Zbl 1029.46030)] and of \textit{V. Maz'ya} and \textit{T. Shaposhnikova} [J. Math. Pures Appl. (9) 81, No. 9, 877--884 (2002; Zbl 1036.46026)]. Furthermore, from the sharp Hardy inequality the authors deduce the sharp constant in the Sobolev-type embedding of \(\dot{W}^s_p(\mathbb R^n)\) into the Lorentz space \(L_{p^*,p}(\mathbb R^n)\), \(1\leq p<N/s\), where \(p^*:=Np/(N-ps)\), and they characterize all optimizers. As an appendix, the cases of equality in the rearrangement inequality in fractional Sobolev spaces become characterized.
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