Nonlinear interaction of three impulsive gravitational waves. II: The wave estimates

DOI10.1007/S40818-023-00145-WMaRDI QIDQ6115739zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Jonathan Luk, Maxime Van de Moortel

Publication date 13 July 2023

Published in Annals of PDE (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.05479

zbMATH Keywords

Einstein vacuum equationsgravitational waves

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Fractional derivatives and integrals (26A33) Smoothness and regularity of solutions to PDEs (35B65) Einstein equations (35Q76) Fractional partial differential equations (35R11) Maximal functions, Littlewood-Paley theory (42B25) Einstein's equations (general structure, canonical formalism, Cauchy problems) (83C05) Equations of motion in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C10)

Abstract: This is the second and last paper of a series aimed at solving the local Cauchy problem for polarized $mathbbU(1)$ symmetric solutions to the Einstein vacuum equations featuring the nonlinear interaction of three small amplitude impulsive gravitational waves. Such solutions are characterized by their three singular "wave-fronts" across which the curvature tensor is allowed to admit a delta singularity. Under polarized $mathbbU(1)$ symmetry, the Einstein vacuum equations reduce to the Einstein-scalar field system in $(2+1)$ dimensions. In this paper, we focus on the wave estimates for the scalar field in the reduced system. The scalar field terms are the most singular ones in the problem, with the scalar field only being Lipschitz initially. We use geometric commutators to prove energy estimates which reflect that the singularities are localized, and that the scalar field obeys additional fractional-derivative regularity, as well as regularity along appropriately defined "good directions". The main challenge is to carry out all these estimates using only the low-regularity properties of the metric. Finally, we prove an anisotropic Sobolev embedding lemma, which when combined with our energy estimates shows that the scalar field is everywhere Lipschitz, and that it obeys additional $C^{1,heta}$ estimates away from the most singular region.

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Cited in

(5)

• Nonlinear interaction of impulsive gravitational waves for the vacuum Einstein equations
• Non-linear multipole interactions and gravitational-wave octupole modes for inspiralling compact binaries to third-and-a-half post-Newtonian order
• The third order scalar induced gravitational waves
• The non-vanishing imprint of gravitational waves as the result of its nonlinear evolution in space
• High-frequency solutions to the Einstein equations

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